Catalyst composition II

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to a transition metal catalyst compound represented by the formula: LMX 2  or (LMX 2 ) 2  wherein each M is independently a Group 7 to 11 metal, preferably a Group 7, 8, 9, or 10 metal; each L is, independently, a tridentate or tetradentate neutrally charged ligand that is bonded to M by three or four nitrogen atoms, (where at least one of the nitrogen atoms is a central nitrogen atom and at least two of the nitrogen atoms are terminal nitrogen atoms), and at least two terminal nitrogen atoms are substituted with one C 3 -C 50  hydrocarbyl and one hydrogen atom or two hydrocarbyls wherein at least one hydrocarbyl is a C 3 -C 50  hydrocarbyl, and the central nitrogen atom is bonded to three different carbon atoms or two different carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom; X is independently a monoanionic ligand, or two X may join together to form a bidentate dianionic ligand.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] This invention relates to late transition metal catalysts forolefin oligomerization or polymerization and to methods for making andusing these catalysts.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Olefins, especially those containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms, areimportant items of commerce. They are used as intermediates in themanufacture of detergents, as monomers (especially in linear low-densitypolyethylene), and as intermediates for many other types of products.Consequently, improved methods of making these compounds are desired.Especially desired, is a process capable of making a range of linear andbranched olefins such as butene, hexene, octene and even higher olefinssince as octadecene.

[0003] Most commercially produced alpha-olefins are made by theoligomerization of ethylene, catalyzed by various types of compounds,see for instance B. Elvers, et al., Ed. Ullmann's Encyclopedia ofIndustrial Chemistry, Vol. A13, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim,1989, p. 243-247 and 275-276, and B. Cornils, et al., Ed., AppliedHomogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds, A ComprehensiveHandbook, Vol. 1, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, 1996, p.245-258. The major types of commercially used catalysts arealkylaluminum compounds, certain nickel-phosphine complexes, and atitanium halide with a Lewis acid such as AlCl₃. In all of theseprocesses, significant amounts of branched internal olefins anddiolefins are produced. Since in most instances these are undesirableand often difficult to separate, these byproducts are avoidedcommercially.

[0004] More recently, some iron complexes bearing tridentate chelatingbis(imino)pyridine ligands when activated have been reported to produceoligomers (B. L. Small and M. Brookhart, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120,7143; M. Brookhart and B. L. Small, PCT Int. Appl. WO9902472, 1999(DuPont)). Imino-bipyridine based iron complexes when activated producelow molecular weight oligomers (G. J. P. Britovsek, S. D. Baugh, O.Hoarau, V. C. Gibson, D. F. Wass, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Inorg.Chim. Acta 2003, 345, 279. Bis(hydrazone)pyridine complexes of ironafford mixtures of low molecular weight polymer and oligomers (G. J. P.Britovsek, V. C. Gibson, B. S. Kimberley, S. Mastroianni, C. Redshaw, G.A. Solan, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans.2001, 1639; M. O. Kristen, A. Gonioukh, D. Lilge, S. Lehmann, B.Bildstein, C. Amort, M. Malaun PCT Int. Appl. WO0114391, 2001 (BASF); L.S. Moody, P. B. MacKenzie, C. M. Killian, G. G. Lavoie, J. A. PonasikJr., T. W. Smith, J. C. Pearson, A. G. M. Barrett, G. W. Coates, PCTInt. Appl. WO0183571, 2001 (Eastman); L. S. Moody, P. B. MacKenzie, C.M. Killian, G. G. Lavoie, J. A. Ponasik Jr., A. G. M. Barrett, T. W.Smith, J. C. Pearson, PCT Int. Appl. WO0050470, 2000 (Eastman)). Ironbased oligomerization catalysts have been reported in G. J P. Britovsek,S. Mastroianni, G. A. Solan, S. P. D. Baugh, C. Redshaw, V. C. Gibson,A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams and M. Elsegood, Chem. Eur. J., 2000, 6,221, and in G. J. Britovsek, B. Dorer, V. C. Gibson, B. S. Kimberley andG. A. Solan, WO9912981, 1999 (BP Chemicals Ltd.).

[0005] Hence new oligomerization catalysts are of great interest in theindustry because they offer many new opportunities for providing newprocesses and products to the markets in a cheaper and more efficientmanner. The following invention relates to new oligomerizationtechnology based upon new late transition metal catalyst compounds.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The present invention is directed toward Group 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11transition metal compounds containing neutral tridentate or tetradentatenitrogen based ligands and an activator that are useful to oligomerizeor polymerize olefins, particularly α-olefins, or other unsaturatedmonomers. For purposes of this disclosure, “α-olefins” includesethylene.

[0007] The oligomerization or polymerization catalysts of this inventioncomprise transition metal compounds (also referred to as precatalysts orcatalyst precursors) represented by the formula: LMX₂ or (LMX₂)₂ whereineach M is independently a Group 7 to 11 metal, preferably a Group 7, 8,9, or 10 metal; each L is, independently, a tridentate or tetradentateneutrally charged ligand that is bonded to M by three or four nitrogenatoms, (where at least one of the nitrogen atoms is a central nitrogenatom and at least two of the nitrogen atoms are terminal nitrogenatoms), and at least two terminal nitrogen atoms are substituted withone C₃-C₅₀ hydrocarbyl and one hydrogen atom or two hydrocarbyls whereinat least one hydrocarbyl is a C₃-C₅₀ hydrocarbyl, and the centralnitrogen atom is bonded to three different carbon atoms or two differentcarbon atoms and one hydrogen atom; X is independently a monoanionicligand, or two X may join together to form a bidentate dianionic ligand.

[0008] This invention further relates to compositions or transitionmetal compounds represented by formula 1:

[0009] wherein

[0010] each M is, independently, a group 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11 transitionmetal;

[0011] N is nitrogen;

[0012] C is carbon;

[0013] each X is, independently, an anionic monodentate ligand, or bothX groups together may form a bidentate dianionic ligand;

[0014] each R′ is, independently, a hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl, asubstituted hydrocarbyl, a halocarbyl, or a substituted halocarbyl;independently, two R′ groups on the same carbon may join to form acyclic or polycyclic ring structure; when x is 2,3, or 4, and or when yis 2,3, or 4, two or more R′ groups on adjacent carbon atoms may join toform a cyclic or polycyclic ring structure;

[0015] each x is, independently, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

[0016] each y is, independently, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

[0017] each R¹ or R³ is, independently, a hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orhalocarbyl;

[0018] each R² or R⁴ is, independently, a C₃ to C₅₀ hydrocarbyl or a C₃to C₅₀ halocarbyl;

[0019] each R⁵ is, independently, hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl, a substitutedhydrocarbyl, a halocarbyl, or a substituted halocarbyl; optionally R⁵may be bonded to M through the heteroatom of a substituted hydrocarbyl,or a substituted halocarbyl;

[0020] each R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, or R⁹ is, independently, a hydrogen, ahydrocarbyl, a substituted a hydrocarbyl, a halocarbyl, or a substitutedhalocarbyl, or independently, two adjacent R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, or R⁹ may jointogether to form a cyclic or polycyclic ring structure;

[0021] L′ is a neutral ligand bonded to M;

[0022] and w is 0 or 1.

[0023] This invention further relates to a process to oligomerize orpolymerize an unsaturated monomer using the compositions (compounds) offormulae 1-4 described herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024]FIG. 1 represents the molecular structure of 3a.

[0025]FIG. 2 represents the molecular structure of 3b.

[0026]FIG. 3 represents the molecular structure of 3c.

[0027]FIG. 4 represents the molecular structure of 4b.

[0028]FIG. 5 is a plot of carbon number vs. In mol % and represents theSchulz-Flory distribution for runs 1 and 3 using pre-catalysts, 3a and3c, respectively.

[0029]FIG. 6 show the oligomer distribution of oligomer fractions versuscarbon number for runs 2 and 4 using pre-catalysts 3b and 3d,respectively.

Definitions

[0030] As used herein, the new numbering scheme for the Periodic TableGroups are used as in CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING NEWS, 63(5), 27 (1985).

[0031] For the purposes of this invention and the claims thereto and forease of reference when a polymer is referred to as comprising an olefin,the olefin present in the polymer is the polymerized form of the olefin.Likewise when catalyst components are described as comprising neutralstable forms of the components, it is well understood by one of ordinaryskill in the art, that the ionic form of the component is the form thatreacts with the monomers to produce polymers. In the description hereinthe transition metal catalyst compound may be described as a catalystprecursor, a pre-catalyst compound or a catalyst compound, and theseterms are used interchangeably. A catalyst system is a combination of atransition metal catalyst compound and an activator. An activator isalso interchangeably referred to as a cocatalyst.

[0032] The term “hydrocarbyl radical” is sometimes used interchangeablywith “hydrocarbyl” throughout this document. For purposes of thisdisclosure, “hydrocarbyl radical” encompasses C₁-C₅₀ radicals. Theseradicals can be linear, branched, or cyclic including polycyclic. Theseradicals can be saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated,and when cyclic, may be aromatic or non-aromatic.

[0033] In describing a ligand, a terminal nitrogen atom, is a nitrogenatom that is indirectly bonded to only one other nitrogen atom. Acentral nitrogen atom is a nitrogen atom that is indirectly bonded totwo or more other nitrogen atoms. An example is illustrated below:

[0034] Substituted hydrocarbyl radicals are radicals in which at leastone hydrogen atom has been replaced with a heteroatom or with at leastone functional group such as NR″₂, OR″, PR″₂, SR″, BR″₂, SiR″₃, GeR″₃and the like or where at least one non-hydrocarbon atom or group hasbeen inserted within the hydrocarbyl radical, such as O, S, NR″, PR″,BR″, SiR″₂, GeR″₂, and the like, where R″ is independently a hydrocarbylor halocarbyl radical. The functional group can be an organometalloidradical.

[0035] Halocarbyl radicals are radicals in which one or more hydrocarbylhydrogen atoms have been substituted with at least one halogen orhalogen-containing group (e.g. F, Cl, Br, I).

[0036] Substituted halocarbyl radicals are radicals in which at leastone hydrocarbyl hydrogen or halogen atom has been substituted with atleast one functional group such as NR″₂, OR″, PR″₂, SR″, BR″₂, SiR″₃,GeR″₃ and the like or where at least one non-carbon atom or group hasbeen inserted within the halocarbyl radical such as O, S, NR″, PR″, BR″,SiR″₂, GeR″₂, and the like where R″ is independently a hydrocarbyl orhalocarbyl radical provided that at least one halogen atom remains onthe original halocarbyl radical. The functional group can be anorganometalloid radical.

[0037] In some embodiments, the hydrocarbyl radical is independentlyselected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl,octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl,hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, heneicosyl,docosyl, tricosyl, tetracosyl, pentacosyl, hexacosyl, heptacosyl,octacosyl, nonacosyl, triacontyl, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl,hexenyl, heptenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl, undecenyl, dodecenyl,tridecenyl, tetradecenyl, pentadecenyl, hexadecenyl, heptadecenyl,octadecenyl, nonadecenyl, eicosenyl, heneicosenyl, docosenyl,tricosenyl, tetracosenyl, pentacosenyl, hexacosenyl, heptacosenyl,octacosenyl, nonacosenyl, triacontenyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl,hexynyl, heptynyl, octynyl, nonynyl, decynyl, undecynyl, dodecynyl,tridecynyl, tetradecynyl, pentadecynyl, hexadecynyl, heptadecynyl,octadecynyl, nonadecynyl, eicosynyl, heneicosynyl, docosynyl,tricosynyl, tetracosynyl, pentacosynyl, hexacosynyl, heptacosynyl,octacosynyl, nonacosynyl, or triacontynyl isomers. For this disclosure,when a radical is listed it indicates that radical type and all otherradicals formed when that radical type is subjected to the substitutionsdefined above. Alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl radicals listed include allisomers including where appropriate cyclic isomers, for example, butylincludes n-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, andcyclobutyl (and analogous substituted cyclopropyls); pentyl includesn-pentyl, cyclopentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl,1-ethylpropyl, and neopentyl (and analogous substituted cyclobutyls andcyclopropyls); butenyl includes E and Z forms of 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl,3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyland 2-methyl-2-propenyl (and cyclobutenyls and cyclopropenyls). Cycliccompound having substitutions include all isomer forms, for example,methylphenyl would include ortho-methylphenyl, meta-methylphenyl andpara-methylphenyl; dimethylphenyl would include 2,3-dimethylphenyl,2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,5-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-diphenylmethyl,3,4-dimethylphenyl, and 3,5-dimethylphenyl.

[0038] For purposes of this disclosure, the term oligomer refers tocompositions having 2-75 mer units and the term polymer refers tocompositions having 76 or more mer units. A mer is defined as a unit ofan oligomer or polymer that originally corresponded to the olefin(s)used in the oligomerization or polymerization reaction. For example, themer of polyethylene would be ethylene.

[0039] Anionic monodentate ligands, also called abstractable ligands,are ligands that are removed from the catalyst precursor to activate it.They are sometimes assigned the label X in this disclosure. X areindependently hydride radicals, hydrocarbyl radicals, orhydrocarbyl-substituted organometalloid radicals; or two X's areconnected and form a 3-to-50-atom metallacycle ring. Specifically, thismetallacycle ring could take the form of a bidentate dianionic ligand.

[0040] When Lewis-acid activators such as methylalumoxane, aluminumalkyls, alkylaluminum alkoxides or alkylaluminum halides that arecapable of donating an X ligand, as described above, to the transitionmetal component are used, or when the ionic activator is capable ofextracting X, one or more X, which may optionally be bridged to oneanother, may additionally be independently selected from a halogen,alkoxide, aryloxide, amide, phosphide or other anionic ligand, providedthat the resulting activated catalyst contains as least one M-H or M-Cconnection in which an olefin can insert.

[0041] When the pre-catalysts of this invention are drawn as dimericspecies, two X may be independently a mono-anionic bridging ligand thatis bonded to each M (e.g.

[0042] μ-X).

[0043] In some structures throughout this specification the ligand-metalconnection is drawn with an arrow indicating that the electronsoriginally came from the ligand. At other times, the connection is shownby drawing a solid or dashed line. One of ordinary skill in the artrecognizes that these depictions are interchangeable.

[0044] Alicyclic rings are aliphatic radicals that have a ring or cyclicstructure in which the ring portion may be saturated or unsaturated, butin which the ring portion may not be aromatic. One of ordinary skill inthe art recognizes that alicyclic, as defined in this document, is asubset of hydrocarbyl, as defined in this document.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0045] This invention further relates to compositions or transitionmetal compounds represented by formula 1:

[0046] wherein

[0047] each M is, independently, a group 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11 transitionmetal, preferably a group 7, 8, 9 or 10 transition metal, preferablynickel, cobalt, iron or manganese;

[0048] N is nitrogen;

[0049] C is carbon;

[0050] each X is, independently, a hydride, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substituted halocarbyl or both X groupstogether are a hydrocarbdiyl, halocarbdiyl, substituted hydrocarbdiyl,or substituted halocarbdiyl;

[0051] additionally, X may independently be selected from halogen,alkoxide, aryloxide, amide, phosphide, or other anionic ligand whenLewis-acid activators (such as methylalumoxane, aluminum alkyls,alkylaluminum alkoxides) or alkylaluminum halides (capable of donating ahydride, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl or substitutedhalocarbyl X ligand to the transition metal component) are used, or whenan ionic activator is capable of extracting X, provided that theresulting activated catalyst contains as least one M-H or M-C bond intowhich an olefin can insert (Note that one or more X may optionallybridge to one another, as well), preferably X is selected from the groupconsisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl,pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl,tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl,eicosyl, heneicosyl, docosyl, tricosyl, tetracosyl, pentacosyl,hexacosyl, heptacosyl, octacosyl, nonacosyl, triacontyl, hydride,phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, tolyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy,dimethylamido, diethylamido, methylethylamido, phenoxy, benzoxy, andallyl, even more preferably two X groups are joined and are selectedfrom the group consisting of methylidene, ethylidene, propylidene,tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, butadiene,methylbutadiene, dimethylbutadiene, pentadiene, methylpentadiene,dimethylpentadiene, hexadiene, methylhexadiene, and dimethylhexadiene;

[0052] each R′ is, independently, a hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl, asubstituted hydrocarbyl, a halocarbyl, or a substituted halocarbyl,preferably, a C₁ to C₃₀ hydrocarbyl, a C₁ to C₃₀ substitutedhydrocarbyl, a C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyl, or a C₁ to C₃₀ substitutedhalocarbyl, more preferably a C₁ to C₁₀ hydrocarbyl, a C₁ to C₁₀substituted hydrocarbyl, a C₁ to C₁₀ halocarbyl, or a C₁ to C₁₀substituted halocarbyl; independently, two R′ groups on the same carbonmay join to form a C₃ to C₆₁ cyclic or polycyclic ring structure; when xis 2,3, or 4, and or when y is 2,3, or 4, two or more R′ groups onadjacent carbon atoms may join to form a C₄ to C₆₂ cyclic or polycyclicring structure;

[0053] x is, independently, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably, x is 1;

[0054] y is, independently, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably, y is 2;

[0055] each R¹ or R³ are, independently, a hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl,or a halocarbyl, preferably a C₁ to C₃₀ hydrocarbyl, or a C₁ to C₃₀halocarbyl, more preferably a C₁ to C₁₀ hydrocarbyl, or a C₁ to C₁₀halocarbyl;

[0056] each R² or R⁴ are, independently, a C₃ to C₅₀ hydrocarbyl, or aC₃ to C₅₀ halocarbyl, preferably a C₃ to C₃₀ hydrocarbyl, or a C₃ to C₃₀halocarbyl, more preferably a C₃ to C₂₀ hydrocarbyl, or a C₃ to C₂₀halocarbyl;

[0057] each R⁵ is, independently, a hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl, asubstituted hydrocarbyl, a halocarbyl, or a substituted halocarbyl,preferably a C₁ to C₃₀ hydrocarbyl, a C₁ to C₃₀ substituted hydrocarbyl,a C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyl or a C₁ to C₃₀ substituted halocarbyl, morepreferably a C₁ to C₁₀ hydrocarbyl, a C₁ to C₁₀ substituted hydrocarbyl,a C₁ to C₁₀ halocarbyl or a C₁ to C₁₀ substituted halocarbyl; optionallyR⁵ may be bound to M through the heteroatom of a substitutedhydrocarbyl, or a substituted halocarbyl;

[0058] each R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, or R⁹ is, independently, a hydrogen, or ahydrocarbyl, a substituted hydrocarbyl, a halocarbyl, or a substitutedhalocarbyl, preferably, a C₁ to C₃₀ hydrocarbyl, a C₁ to C₃₀ substitutedhydrocarbyl, a C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyl, or a C₁ to C₃₀ substitutedhalocarbyl, more preferably a C₁ to C₁₀ hydrocarbyl, a C₁ to C₁₀substituted hydrocarbyl, a C₁ to C₁₀ halocarbyl, or a C₁ to C₁₀substituted halocarbyl, or independently, one or more adjacent R⁶, R⁷,R⁸, or R⁹ may join to form a cyclic or polycyclic ring structure; R⁶ ispreferably selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and alllinear and cyclic isomers of propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl,octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, phenyl, dimethylphenyl,diethylphenyl, dipropylphenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, and othersubstituents; R⁶ is even more preferably, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl,tert-butyl, neopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl,2,6-diisopropylphenyl, 2,5-di-tert-butylphenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl,adamantyl, and norbornyl;

[0059] L′ is a neutral ligand bonded to M and includes molecules such asbut not limited to diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylaniline,trimethylamine, tributylamine, trimethylphosphine, triphenylphosphinelithium chloride, ethylene, propylene, butene, octene, styrene, and thelike;

[0060] w is 0 or 1 and indicates the absence or presence of L′;

[0061] and where preferred halocarbyls are fluorocarbyls.

[0062] In another preferred embodiment, this invention further relatesto compositions represented by the formula 5:

[0063] wherein

[0064] M, N, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, X, L′ and w are as previouslydefined.

[0065] To illustrate members of the transition metal catalyst compoundsuseful in this invention, select any combination of the species listedin Table 1. R¹, R³, R⁵, R′, R⁶, .R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ M L′ X propylhydrogen chloride cobalt diethyl ether butyl methyl bromide manganesetetrahydrofuran pentyl ethyl iodide iron furan hexyl propyl methylnickel thiofuran heptyl butyl ethyl copper chromane octyl pentyl propyltechnetium isochromane nonyl hexyl butyl rhenium thiochromane decylheptyl pentyl ruthenium thioisochromane undecyl octyl hexyl osmiumquinuclidine dodecyl nonyl heptyl rhodium benzofuran tridecyl decyloctyl iridium chromene tetradecyl undecyl nonyl palladium isobenzofuranoctacosyl dodecyl decyl platinum isoquinoline nonacosyl tridecyl undecylsilver oxazole triacontyl tetradecyl dodecyl gold phenanthridinecyclohexyl octacosyl tridecyl pyran cyclopentyl nonacosyl tetradecylpyridine cycloheptyl triacontyl pentadecyl quinoline cyclooctylcyclohexyl hexadecyl selenophene cyclodecyl cyclopentyl heptadecylthiophene cyclododecyl cycloheptyl octadecyl trimethylamine naphthylcyclooctyl nonadecyl triethylamine phenyl cyclodecyl eicosyltributylamine tolyl cyclododecyl heneicosyl dimethylaniline benzylnaphthyl docosyl trimethylphosphine phenethyl phenyl tricosyltriphenylphosphine dimethylphenyl tolyl tetracosyl ethylenetrimethylphenyl benzyl pentacosyl propylene methylphenyl phenethylhexacosyl butene ethylphenyl anthracenyl heptacosyl hexene diethylphenyldimethylphenyl octacosyl octene triethylphenyl diethylphenyl nonacosylcyclohexene propylphenyl dipropylphenyl triacontyl vinylcyclohexenedipropylphenyl dibutylphenyl hydride benzene tripropylphenyl norbornylphenyl styrene methylethylphenyl adamantyl benzyl methylstyrenedibutylphenyl phenethyl lithium chloride butylphenyl tolyl ammoniumchloride methoxy ethoxy propoxy butoxy dimethylamido diethylamidomethylethylamido phenoxy benzoxy allyl Both X joined methylideneethylidene propylidene tetramethylene pentamethylene hexamethylenebutadiene methylbutadiene dimethylbutadiene pentadiene methylpentadienedimethylpentadiene hexadiene methylhexadiene dimethylhexadiene

[0066] Preferred transition metal catalyst compounds include:

[0067] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dichloride,

[0068] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0069] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0070] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0071] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0072] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dichloride,

[0073] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dichloride,

[0074] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)amine]cobalt dichloride,

[0075] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0076] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0077] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0078] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0079] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)amine]cobalt dichloride,

[0080] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0081] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)amine]cobalt dichloride,

[0082] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0083] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0084] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0085] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0086] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)amine]cobalt dichloride,

[0087] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0088] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobalt dichloride,

[0089] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0090] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0091] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0092] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0093] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobalt dichloride,

[0094] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0095][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0096][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0097][(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0098][(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0099][(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0100][(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0101][(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0102][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0103][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0104][(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0105][(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0106][(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0107][(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0108][(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0109][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0110][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0111][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0112][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0113][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0114][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0115][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0116][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0117][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0118][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0119][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0120] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0121] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0122] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0123][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0124][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0125] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0126] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0127] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0128][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0129][bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0130][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0131][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0132] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0133] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0134] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0135][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0136][bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0137][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0138][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0139] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0140] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0141] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0142][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0143][bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0144][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0145][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0146] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0147] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0148][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0149][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0150][(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0151][(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0152][(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0153][(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0154][(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0155][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0156][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0157][(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0158][(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0159][(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0160][(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0161][(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0162] [(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-amino ethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-amino ethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0163][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0164][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0165][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0166][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0167][[(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)((N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0168][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0169][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0170][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0171][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0172][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0173] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0174] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0175] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0176] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0177][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0178] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0179] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0180] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0181] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0182] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0183] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0184][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0185] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0186] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride, bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0187] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0188] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0189] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0190][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0191] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0192] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0193] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0194] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0195] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0196] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0197][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0198] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0199] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0200][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0201][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0202][(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0203][(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0204] [(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0205][(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0206][(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0207][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0208][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0209][(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0210][(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0211] [(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0212][(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0213][(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0214][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0215][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0216][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0217][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0218][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0219][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0220][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0221][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0222][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0223][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0224][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0225] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0226] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0227] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0228] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0229] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0230] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0231] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0232] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0233] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0234] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0235] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0236] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0237] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0238] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0239] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0240] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0241] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0242] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0243] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0244] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0245] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0246] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0247] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0248] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0249] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0250] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0251] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0252] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0253][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0254][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0255][(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0256][(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0257][(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0258][(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0259][(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0260][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0261][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0262][(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0263][(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0264][(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0265][(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0266][(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0267][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0268][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0269][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0270][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0271][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0272][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0273][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0274][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0275][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0276][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0277][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0278] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0279] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0280] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0281][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0282][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0283] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0284] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0285] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0286][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0287][bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0288][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0289][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0290] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0291] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0292] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0293][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0294][bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0295][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0296][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0297] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0298] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0299][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0300][bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0301][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0302][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0303] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0304] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0305][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0306][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0307][(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0308][(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0309][(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0310][(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0311][(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0312][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0313][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0314][(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0315][(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0316][(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0317][(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0318][(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0319][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0320][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0321][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0322][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0323][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0324][[(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)((N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0325][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0326][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0327][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0328][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0329][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0330] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0331] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0332] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0333] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0334][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0335] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0336] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0337] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0338] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0339] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0340] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0341][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0342] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0343] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0344] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0345] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0346] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0347] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0348][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0349] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0350] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0351] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0352] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0353] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0354] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0355][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0356] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0357] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0358][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0359][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0360][(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0361][(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0362] [(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0363][(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0364][(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminopropyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0365][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0366][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0367][(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0368][(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0369] [(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0370][(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0371][(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-3-aminomethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0372][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0373][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0374][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0375][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0376][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0377][(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0378][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0379][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0380][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0381][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0382][(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0383] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dimethyl,

[0384] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dimethyl,

[0385] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dimethyl,

[0386] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0387] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0388] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dimethyl,

[0389] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0390] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0391] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0392] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0393][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0394] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0395] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0396] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0397] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0398][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0399][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0400] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0401] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride,

[0402] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride,

[0403] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride,

[0404] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0405] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0406] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride,

[0407] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride,

[0408] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride,

[0409] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride,

[0410] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride,

[0411] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride,

[0412] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]iron dichloride,

[0413] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride,

[0414] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride,

[0415] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0416] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0417] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0418][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0419][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0420] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0421] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0422] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0423] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0424] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0425] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0426][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0427] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,

[0428] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,

[0429] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,

[0430] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,

[0431] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,

[0432][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,

[0433][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,

[0434] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,

[0435] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,

[0436] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0437][bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0438] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0439][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0440][bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0441][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0442][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0443] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0444][bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0445] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]technetiumdichloride,

[0446] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]technetiumdichloride,

[0447] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]technetiumdichloride,

[0448] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]technetiumdichloride,

[0449] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]technetiumdichloride,

[0450] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]technetiumdichloride,

[0451][bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]technetiumdichloride,

[0452][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]technetiumdichloride,

[0453][bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]technetiumdichloride,

[0454] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]rhenium dichloride,

[0455] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]rheniumdichloride,

[0456] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]rheniumdichloride,

[0457] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]rheniumdichloride,

[0458] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]rheniumdichloride,

[0459] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]rheniumdichloride,

[0460] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]rheniumdichloride,

[0461][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]rheniumdichloride,

[0462][bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]rheniumdichloride,

[0463] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]rutheniumdichloride,

[0464] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]rutheniumdichloride,

[0465] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]rutheniumdichloride,

[0466] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]rutheniumdichloride,

[0467] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]rutheniumdichloride,

[0468] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]rutheniumdichloride,

[0469] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]rutheniumdichloride,

[0470][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]rutheniumdichloride,

[0471][bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]rutheniumdichloride,

[0472] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]osmium dichloride,

[0473] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]osmiumdichloride,

[0474] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]osmiumdichloride,

[0475] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]osmiumdichloride,

[0476] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]osmiumdichloride,

[0477] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]osmiumdichloride,

[0478] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]osmiumdichloride,

[0479] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]osmiumdichloride,

[0480] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]osmiumdichloride,

[0481] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]rhodium dichloride,

[0482] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]rhodiumdichloride,

[0483] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]rhodiumdichloride,

[0484] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]rhodiumdichloride,

[0485] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]rhodiumdichloride,

[0486] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]rhodiumdichloride,

[0487] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]rhodiumdichloride,

[0488][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]rhodiumdichloride,

[0489] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]rhodiumdichloride,

[0490] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iridium dichloride,

[0491] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iridiumdichloride,

[0492] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iridiumdichloride,

[0493] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]iridiumdichloride,

[0494] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]iridiumdichloride,

[0495] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]iridiumdichloride,

[0496] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]iridiumdichloride,

[0497][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]iridiumdichloride,

[0498][bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]iridiumdichloride,

[0499] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride,

[0500] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0501] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0502] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0503][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0504][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0505] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0506] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0507] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]palladiumdichloride,

[0508] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]palladiumdichloride,

[0509] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]palladiumdichloride,

[0510] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]palladiumdichloride,

[0511] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]palladiumdichloride,

[0512] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]palladiumdichloride,

[0513] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]palladium dichloride,

[0514][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]palladiumdichloride,

[0515][bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]palladiumdichloride,

[0516] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]platinum dichloride,

[0517] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]platinumdichloride,

[0518] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]platinumdichloride,

[0519] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]platinumdichloride,

[0520] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]platinumdichloride,

[0521] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]platinumdichloride,

[0522] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]platinumdichloride,

[0523][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]platinumdichloride,

[0524][bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]platinumdichloride,

[0525] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copper dichloride,

[0526] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride,

[0527] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride,

[0528] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride,

[0529] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride,

[0530] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copper dichloride,

[0531] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copper dichloride,

[0532] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride,

[0533] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride,

[0534] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride,

[0535] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride,

[0536][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride,

[0537] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride,

[0538] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride,

[0539] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride,

[0540] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride,

[0541] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride,

[0542][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride,

[0543][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride,

[0544] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride,

[0545] [bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride,

[0546] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]silver dichloride,

[0547] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]silverdichloride,

[0548] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]silverdichloride,

[0549] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]silverdichloride,

[0550] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]silverdichloride,

[0551] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]silverdichloride,

[0552] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]silverdichloride,

[0553] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]silverdichloride,

[0554] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]silverdichloride,

[0555] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]gold dichloride,

[0556] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]gold dichloride,

[0557] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]gold dichloride,

[0558] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]golddichloride,

[0559] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]golddichloride,

[0560] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]golddichloride,

[0561] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]golddichloride,

[0562] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]golddichloride, and

[0563] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]golddichloride,

[0564] Most preferred transition metal complexes include:

[0565] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dichloride,

[0566] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0567] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0568] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0569] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0570] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dichloride,

[0571] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0572] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0573] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0574][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0575][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0576] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,

[0577] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0578] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0579] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0580] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0581][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0582] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,

[0583] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0584] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0585] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0586] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0587] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0588] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,

[0589] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0590] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0591] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0592][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0593][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0594] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,

[0595] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0596] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0597] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0598] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0599][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0600] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,

[0601] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dimethyl,

[0602] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dimethyl,

[0603] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dimethyl,

[0604] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0605] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0606] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dimethyl,

[0607] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0608] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0609] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0610] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0611][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0612] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0613] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0614] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0615] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0616][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0617][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0618] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,

[0619] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride,

[0620] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride,

[0621] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride,

[0622] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0623] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0624] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride,

[0625] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride,

[0626] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride,

[0627] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride,

[0628] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride,

[0629][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride,

[0630] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride,

[0631] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0632] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0633] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0634][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0635][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0636] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,

[0637] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0638] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0639] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0640] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0641][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0642] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,

[0643] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,

[0644] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,

[0645] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,

[0646][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,

[0647][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,

[0648] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,

[0649] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0650][bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0651] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0652][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0653][bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0654][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0655][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0656] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,

[0657] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickel dichloride,

[0658] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0659] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0660] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0661] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0662] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickel dichloride,

[0663] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride,

[0664] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride,

[0665] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride,

[0666] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride,

[0667][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride,

[0668] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride,

[0669] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0670] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0671] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0672][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0673][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0674] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,

[0675] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copper dichloride,

[0676] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride,

[0677] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride,

[0678] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride,

[0679] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride,

[0680] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride,

[0681] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride,

[0682] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride, and

[0683] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride.

[0684] Transition metal complexes of this invention are typicallyprepared by reacting the tridentate or tetradentate ligand, L, with thedesired metal halide, preferably a metal dihalide, in an appropriatesolvent, preferably n-butanol, and heating the reaction mixture.

[0685] Invention catalyst systems can additionally be prepared bycombining, in any order, the ligand, with a Group 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11metal halide salt, which may optionally be coordinated by solvent, in anactivator solution (for example, methylalumoxane dissolved in toluene).All reactants may be added in any order, or even essentiallysimultaneously.

[0686] Common activators that are useful with this invention include:

[0687] 1. Alumoxanes including alkyl alumoxanes and modifiedalkylalumoxanes, such as methylalumoxane, modified methylalumoxane,ethylalumoxane and the like;

[0688] 2. Aluminum alkyls such as trimethyl aluminum, triethyl aluminum,triisopropyl aluminum and the like, and alkyl aluminum halides such asdiethyl aluminum chloride, and including alkylaluminum alkoxides; and

[0689] 3. Ionizing or stoichiometric activators.

[0690] The alumoxane component useful as an activator typically is anoligomeric aluminum compound represented by the general formula(R″—Al—O)_(n), which is a cyclic compound, or R″(R″—Al—O)_(n)AlR″₂,which is a linear compound. In the general alumoxane formula, each R″ isindependently a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl radical, for example, methyl, ethyl,propyl, butyl, pentyl, isomers thereof, and the like, and “n” is aninteger from 1-50. Most preferably, R″ is methyl and “n” is at least 4.Methylalumoxane and/or modified methylalumoxanes are most preferred.Another preferred alumoxane is a modified methyl alumoxane (MMAO)cocatalyst type 3A (commercially available from Akzo Chemicals, Inc.under the trade name Modified Methylalumoxane type 3A, covered underpatent number U.S. Pat. No. 5,041,584). For further descriptions see, EP279586, EP 561476, WO94/10180 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,665,208, 4,908,463,4,924,018, 4,952,540, 4,968,827, 5,041,584, 5,103,031, 5,157,137,5,235,081, 5,248,801, 5,329,032, 5,391,793, and 5,416,229.

[0691] Aluminum alkyl components useful as an activators are representedby the general formula: R_(m)′″AlZ_(P)

[0692] where each R′″ is, independently, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl radical, forexample, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl,nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, and isomers thereof, preferably methyl,ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, hexyl, octyl, more preferably methyl,ethyl, isobutyl, n-hexyl or n-octyl;

[0693] m is 1, 2 or 3;

[0694] each Z is, independently, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl radical, for example,methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl,decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, and isomers thereof, preferably methyl, ethyl,propyl, butyl, isobutyl, hexyl, octyl, or n-octyl, each Z may also be adifferent univalent anionic ligand such as a halogen (preferably Cl, Br,I), or an alkoxide (OR*), where R* is a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl radical, forexample, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl,nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, and isomers thereof, preferably methyl,ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, hexyl, octyl, or n-octyl, preferably R*is preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, hexyl, octyl,n-octyl, chloro, methoxide, ethoxide, propoxide, isopropoxide, butoxide,or t-butoxide; and

[0695] p is 0, 1 or 2. Preferred aluminum alkyl compounds which may beutilized as activators (or scavengers) include triethylaluminum,diethylaluminum chloride, triisobutylaluminum, tri-n-octylaluminum,trimethylaluminum, and tri-n-hexylaluminum.

[0696] When alumoxane, or aluminum alkyl activators are used, thecatalyst-precursor-to-activator molar ratio is from about 1:2000 to10:1; alternatively, 1:1200 to 1:1; alternatively, 1:1000 to 1:1;alternatively 1:500 to 1:1; alternatively 1:400 to 1:10, oralternatively 1:300 to 1:10.

[0697] Ionizing activators may be used in the practice of thisinvention. Preferably, discrete ionizing activators (sometimes alsoreferred to as ionic activators) such as [Me₂PhNH][B(C₆F₅)₄],[Bu₃NH][BF₄], [NH₄][PF₆], [NH₄][SbF₆], [NH₄][AsF₆], [NH₄][B(C₆H₅)₄] orLewis acidic activators such as B(C₆F₅)₃ or B(C₆H₅)₃ can be used if theyare used in conjunction with a compound capable of alkylating the metalsuch as an alumoxane or aluminum alkyl, or if in the pre-catalyst, X isa hydride, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substitutedhalocarbyl. For purposes of this invention and the claims thereto, Ph isphenyl, Bu is butyl, C₆H₅ is phenyl; C₆F₅ is perfluorophenyl orpentafluorophenyl.

[0698] It is within the scope of this invention to use an ionizing orstoichiometric activator, neutral or ionic, such as tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)boron, a tris(perfluorophenyl)boron metalloidprecursor or a tris(perfluoronaphthyl)boron metalloid precursor,polyhalogenated heteroborane anions (WO 98/43983), boric acid (U.S. Pat.No. 5,942,459) or combination thereof. It is also within the scope ofthis invention to use neutral or ionizing activators alone or incombination with alumoxane or modified alumoxane activators.

[0699] Examples of neutral stoichiometric activators includetri-substituted boron, tellurium, aluminum, gallium and indium ormixtures thereof. The three substituent groups are each independentlyselected from alkyls, alkenyls, halogen, substituted alkyls, aryls,arylhalides, alkoxy and halides. Preferably, the three groups areindependently selected from halogen, mono or multicyclic (includinghalosubstituted) aryls, alkyls, and alkenyl compounds and mixturesthereof, preferred are alkenyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkylgroups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 20 carbonatoms and aryl groups having 3 to 20 carbon atoms (including substitutedaryls). More preferably, the three groups are alkyls having 1 to 4carbon groups, phenyl, naphthyl or mixtures thereof. Even morepreferably, the three groups are halogenated aryl groups, preferablyfluorinated aryl groups. Most preferably, the neutral stoichiometricactivator is tris(perfluorophenyl)boron or tris(perfluoronaphthyl)boron.

[0700] Ionizing stoichiometric activator compounds may contain an activeproton, or some other cation associated with, but not coordinated to, oronly loosely coordinated to, the remaining ion of the ionizing compound.Such compounds and the like are described in European publicationsEP-A-0 570 982, EP-A-0 520 732, EP-A-0 495 375, EP-B1-0 500 944, EP-A-0277 003 and EP-A-0 277 004, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,153,157, 5,198,401,5,066,741, 5,206,197, 5,241,025, 5,384,299 and 5,502,124 and U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 08/285,380, filed Aug. 3, 1994, all of which areherein fully incorporated by reference.

[0701] Ionic catalysts can be prepared by reacting a transition metalcompound with one or more neutral Lewis acids, such as B(C₆F₆)₃, whichupon reaction with the hydrolyzable ligand (X) of the transition metalcompound forms an anion, such as ([B(C₆F₅)₃(X)]⁻), which stabilizes thecationic transition metal species generated by the reaction. Thecatalysts can be, and preferably are, prepared with activator componentswhich are ionic compounds or compositions. However preparation ofactivators utilizing neutral compounds is also contemplated by thisinvention.

[0702] Compounds useful as an activator component in the preparation ofthe ionic catalyst systems used in the process of this inventioncomprise a cation, which is preferably a Bronsted acid capable ofdonating a proton, and a compatible non-coordinating anion which anionis relatively large (sterically bulky), capable of stabilizing theactive catalyst species (the Group 4 cation) which is formed when thetwo compounds are combined and said anion will be sufficiently labile tobe displaced by olefinic diolefinic and acetylenically unsaturatedsubstrates or other neutral Lewis bases such as ethers, nitrites and thelike. Two classes of compatible non-coordinating anions have beendisclosed in EPA 277,003 and EPA 277,004 published 1988: 1) anioniccoordination complexes comprising a plurality of lipophilic radicalscovalently coordinated to and shielding a central charge-bearing metalor metalloid core, and 2) anions comprising a plurality of boron atomssuch as carboranes, metallacarboranes and boranes.

[0703] In a preferred embodiment, the stoichiometric activators includea cation and an anion component, and may be represented by the followingformula:

(L*-H)_(d) ⁺(A^(d−))  (14)

[0704] wherein L* is an neutral Lewis base;

[0705] H is hydrogen;

[0706] (L*-H)⁺ is a Bronsted acid

[0707] A^(d−) is a non-coordinating anion having the charge d-d is aninteger from 1 to 3.

[0708] The cation component, (L*-H)_(d) ⁺ may include Bronsted acidssuch as protons or protonated Lewis bases or reducible Lewis acidscapable of protonating or abstracting a moiety, such as an alkyl oraryl, from the transition metal catalyst compound, resulting in acationic transition metal species.

[0709] The activating cation (L*-H)_(d) ⁻ may be a Bronsted acid,capable of donating a proton to the transition metal catalytic precursorresulting in a transition metal cation, including ammoniums, oxoniums,phosphoniums, silyliums, and mixtures thereof, preferably ammoniums ofmethylamine, aniline, dimethylamine, diethylamine, N-methylaniline,diphenylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline,methyldiphenylamine, pyridine, p-bromo N,N-dimethylaniline,p-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline, phosphoniums from triethylphosphine,triphenylphosphine, and diphenylphosphine, oxomiuns from ethers such asdimethyl ether diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, sulfoniumsfrom thioethers, such as diethyl thioethers and tetrahydrothiophene, andmixtures thereof. The activating cation (L-H)_(d) ⁺ may also be a moietysuch as silver, tropylium, carbeniums, ferroceniums and mixtures,preferably carboniums and ferroceniums. Most preferably (L*-H)_(d) ⁺ istriphenyl carbonium.

[0710] The anion component A^(d−) include those having the formula[M^(k+)Q_(n)]^(d−) wherein k is an integer from 1 to 3; n is an integerfrom 2-6; n−k=d; M is an element selected from Group 13 of the PeriodicTable of the Elements, preferably boron or aluminum, and Q isindependently a hydride, bridged or unbridged dialkylamido, halide,alkoxide, aryloxide, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl,substituted halocarbyl, and halosubstituted-hydrocarbyl radicals, said Qhaving up to 20 carbon atoms with the proviso that not more than one Qgroup is a halide. Preferably, each Q is a fluorinated hydrocarbyl grouphaving 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably each Q is a fluorinatedaryl group, and most preferably each Q is a pentafluoryl aryl group.Examples of suitable A^(d−) also include diboron compounds as disclosedin U.S. Pat. No. 5,447,895, which is fully incorporated herein byreference.

[0711] Illustrative, but not limiting examples of boron compounds whichmay be used as an activating cocatalyst (activator) in the preparationof the improved catalysts of this invention include:

[0712] trimethylammonium tetraphenylborate, triethylammoniumtetraphenylborate,

[0713] tripropylammonium tetraphenylborate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetraphenylborate,

[0714] tri(t-butyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetraphenylborate,

[0715] N,N-diethylanilinium tetraphenylborate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium) tetraphenylborate, tropilliumtetraphenylborate,

[0716] triphenylcarbenium tetraphenylborate, triphenylphosphoniumtetraphenylborate triethylsilylium tetraphenylborate, benzene(diazonium)tetraphenylborate,

[0717] di(isopropyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetraphenylborate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate,

[0718] trimethylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,triethylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(sec-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,

[0719] triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,triphenylphosphonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluoro-phenyl)borate, dimethyl(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate,

[0720] triethylammonium tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate,tripropylammonium tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate,tri(n-butyl)ammonium tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate,tri(t-butyl)ammonium tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate,N,N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate,N,N-diethylanilinium tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate,

[0721] N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate,

[0722] triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate,triphenylphosphonium tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, andtri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate.

[0723] Most preferably, the ionic stoichiometric activator (L*-H)_(d)⁺(A^(d−)) comprises one or more of:

[0724] N,N-dimethylanilinium tetra(perfluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate,N,N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate,N,N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate,triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, or triphenylcarbeniumtetra(perfluorophenyl)borate.

[0725] In one embodiment, an activation method using ionizing ioniccompounds not containing an active proton but capable of producing aligand metallocene catalyst cation and their non-coordinating anion arealso contemplated, and are described in EP-A-0 426 637, EP-A-0 573 403and U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,568, which are all herein incorporated byreference.

[0726] Invention catalyst precursors can also be activated withcocatalysts or activators that comprise non-coordinating anionscontaining metalloid-free cyclopentadienide ions. These are described inU.S. Patent Publication 2002/0058765 A1, published on 16 May 2002.

[0727] The term “non-coordinating anion” (NCA) means an anion whicheither does not coordinate to said cation or which is only weaklycoordinated to said cation thereby remaining sufficiently labile to bedisplaced by a neutral Lewis base. “Compatible” non-coordinating anionsare those which are not degraded to neutrality when the initially formedcomplex decomposes. Further, the anion will not transfer an anionicsubstituent or fragment to the cation so as to cause it to form aneutral four coordinate metallocene compound and a neutral by-productfrom the anion. Non-coordinating anions useful in accordance with thisinvention are those that are compatible, stabilize the metallocenecation in the sense of balancing its ionic charge at +1, yet retainsufficient lability to permit displacement by an ethylenically oracetylenically unsaturated monomer during polymerization. These types ofcocatalysts sometimes use tri-isobutyl aluminum or tri-octyl aluminum asa scavenger.

[0728] Invention process also can employ cocatalyst compounds oractivator compounds that are initially neutral Lewis acids but form acationic metal complex and a noncoordinating anion, or a zwitterioniccomplex upon reaction with the invention compounds. For example,tris(pentafluorophenyl) boron or aluminum act to abstract a hydrocarbylor hydride ligand to yield an invention cationic metal complex andstabilizing noncoordinating anion, see EP-A-0 427 697 and EP-A-0 520 732for illustrations of analogous Group-4 metallocene compounds. Also, seethe methods and compounds of EP-A-0 495 375. For formation ofzwitterionic complexes using analogous Group 4 compounds, see U.S. Pat.Nos. 5,624,878; 5,486,632; and 5,527,929.

[0729] When the cations of noncoordinating anion precursors are Bronstedacids such as protons or protonated Lewis bases (excluding water), orreducible Lewis acids such as ferrocenium or silver cations, or alkalior alkaline earth metal cations such as those of sodium, magnesium orlithium, the catalyst-precursor-to-activator molar ratio may be anyratio. Combinations of the described activator compounds may also beused for activation. For example, tris(perfluorophenyl) boron can beused with methylalumoxane.

[0730] When an ionic activator is used, thecatalyst-precursor-to-activator molar ratio is from 1:10 to 1.2:1; 1:10to 10:1; 1:10 to 2:1; 1:10 to 3:1; 1:10 to 5:1; 1:2 to 1.2:1; 1:2 to10:1; 1:2 to 2:1; 1:2 to 3:1; 1:2 to 5:1; 1:3 to 1.2:1; 1:3 to 10:1; 1:3to 2:1; 1:3 to 3:1; 1:3 to 5:1; 1:5 to 1.2:1; 1:5 to 10:1; 1:5 to 2:1;1:5 to 3:1; 1:5 to 5:1.

[0731] The catalyst-precursor-to-alkylating-agent molar ratio is from1:100 to 100:1; 1:50 to 50:1; 1:10 to 10:1; 1:10 to 2:1; 1:10 to 25:1;1:10 to 3:1; 1:10 to 5:1; 1:2 to 10:1; 1:2 to 2:1; 1:2 to 25:1; 1:2 to3:1; 1:2 to 5:1; 1:25 to 10:1; 1:25 to 2:1; 1:25 to 25:1; 1:25 to 3:1;1:25 to 5:1; 1:3 to 10:1; 1:3 to 2:1; 1:3 to 25:1; 1:3 to 3:1; 1:3 to5:1; 1:5 to 10:1; 1:5 to 2:1; 1:5 to 25:1; 1:5 to 3:1; 1:5 to 5:1.

[0732] Preferred activators include methylalumoxane, modifiedmethylalumoxane, and mixtures of methylalumoxane with dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate or tris(pentafluorophenyl)boron.

[0733] Preferred catalyst compound/activator combinations include:

[0734] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0735] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0736] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0737] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0738] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0739] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0740] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0741] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0742] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0743][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0744][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0745] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0746] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0747] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0748] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0749] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0750][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0751] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0752] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide/methylalumoxane,

[0753] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide/methylalumoxane,

[0754] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide/methylalumoxane,

[0755] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide/methylalumoxane,

[0756] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide/methylalumoxane,

[0757] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide/methylalumoxane,

[0758] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl/methylalumoxane,

[0759] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl/methylalumoxane,

[0760] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl/methylalumoxane,

[0761] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl/methylalumoxane,

[0762] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl/methylalumoxane,

[0763] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl/methylalumoxane,

[0764] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0765] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0766] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine] irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0767] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0768] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0769] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0770] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0771] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0772] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0773] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0774][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0775] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0776] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0777] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0778] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0779][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0780][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0781] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0782] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0783] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0784] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0785] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0786][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0787] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0788] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0789] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0790] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0791][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0792][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0793] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0794] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0795][bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0796] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0797][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0798][bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0799][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0800][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0801] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0802] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0803] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0804] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0805] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0806] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0807] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0808] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0809] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0810] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0811] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0812][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0813] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0814] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0815] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0816] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0817][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0818][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0819] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0820] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0821] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0822] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0823] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0824] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0825] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0826] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0827] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0828] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,

[0829] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0830] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0831] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0832] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0833] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0834] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0835] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0836] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0837] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0838][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0839][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0840] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0841] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0842] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0843] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0844] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0845][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0846] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0847] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide/modified methylalumoxane,

[0848] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide/modified methylalumoxane,

[0849] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide/modified methylalumoxane,

[0850] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide/modified methylalumoxane,

[0851] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide/modified methylalumoxane,

[0852] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide/modified methylalumoxane,

[0853] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl/modified methylalumoxane,

[0854] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl/modified methylalumoxane,

[0855] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl/modified methylalumoxane,

[0856] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl/modified methylalumoxane,

[0857] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl/modified methylalumoxane,

[0858] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl/modified methylalumoxane,

[0859] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0860] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0861] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0862] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0863] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0864] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0865] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0866] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0867] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0868] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0869][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0870] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0871] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0872] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0873] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0874][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0875][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0876] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0877] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0878] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0879] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0880] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0881][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0882] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0883] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0884] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0885] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0886][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0887][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0888] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0889] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0890][bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0891] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0892][bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0893][bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0894][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0895][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0896] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0897] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0898] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0899] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0900] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0901] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0902] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0903] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0904] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0905] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0906] [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0907][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0908] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0909] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0910] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0911] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0912][bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0913][bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0914] [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0915] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0916] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0917] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0918] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0919] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0920] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0921] [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,

[0922] [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane, and

[0923] [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane.

[0924] Mixed Catalysts:

[0925] Mixed catalyst systems can also be used, for example, theinvention catalyst can be used in conjunction with a second catalyst inthe same reactor or in a series of reactors where the invention catalystproduces ethylene oligomers and the second catalyst incorporates theseoligomers into a polymer backbone as a copolymer with ethylene.

[0926] Invention polymerization catalyst systems can comprise additionalolefin polymerization catalysts. These additional olefin polymerizationcatalysts are any of those well known in the art to catalyze the olefinto polyolefin reaction. Some invention catalysts systems includeGroup-4-6 metallocenes as additional olefin polymerization catalysts.Metallocenes include (un)bridged compounds containing one(mono(cyclopentadienyl) metallocenes) or two (bis(cyclopentadienyl)metallocenes) (un)substituted cyclopentadienyl ligand(s). In bridgedmetallocenes, a single, cyclopentadienyl ligand connects to a heteroatomligand with both coordinating to the metal center, or twocyclopentadienyl ligands connect together with both cyclopentadienylligands coordinating to the metal center. Typical catalysts and theirprecursors are well known in the art. Suitable description appears inthe patent literature, for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,871,705, 4,937,299,5,324,800, EP-A-0418044, EP-A-0591756, WO-A-92/00333 and WO-A-94/01471.Some embodiments select the metallocene compounds from mono- orbis-cyclopentadienyl-substituted, Group-4, -5, and -6 metals in whichcyclopentadienyls are (un)substituted with one or more groups or arebridged to each other or to a metal-coordinated heteroatom. Someembodiments select similar metallocene compounds except they are notnecessarily bridged to each other or to a metal-coordinated heteroatom.See U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,278,264 and 5,304,614.

[0927] Some invention catalysts systems include the following additionalolefin polymerization catalysts. Metallocene compounds suitable forlinear polyethylene or ethylene-containing copolymer production (wherecopolymer means comprising at least two different monomers) areessentially those disclosed in WO-A-92/00333, WO 97/44370 and U.S. Pat.Nos. 5,001,205, 5,057,475, 5,198,401, 5,304,614, 5,308,816 and5,324,800. Selection of metallocene compounds for isotactic orsyndiotactic polypropylene blend production, and their syntheses, arewell-known in the patent and academic literature, e.g. Journal ofOrganometallic Chemistry 369, 359-370 (1989). Typically, those catalystsare stereorigid, asymmetric, chiral, or bridged-chiral metallocenes.Invention activators are suited for activating these types of catalystprecursors.

[0928] Likewise, some invention catalysts systems include the followingadditional olefin polymerization catalysts: monocyclopentadienylmetallocenes with Group-15 or -16 heteroatoms connected, through abridging group, to a cyclopentadienyl-ligand ring carbon. Both thecyclopentadienyl Cp-ligand and the heteroatom connect to a transitionmetal. Some embodiments select a Group-4 transition metal. Additionally,unbridged monocyclopentadienyl, heteroatom-containing Group-4 componentsof WO 97/22639 will function with this invention. Moreover, transitionmetal systems with high-oxidation-state, Group-5-10 transition-metalcenters are known and can serve as the additional olefin polymerizationcatalysts with invention catalyst systems.

[0929] Invention catalyst systems can use non-cyclopentadienyl,Group-4-5 precursor compounds as the additional olefin polymerizationcatalysts. Non-cyclopentadienyl, Group-4-5 precursor compounds areactivable to stable, discrete cationic complexes include thosecontaining, chelating, diamide ligands, such as described in U.S. Pat.No. 5,318,935 and “Conformationally Rigid Diamide Complexes: Synthesisand Structure of Tantalum (III) Alkyne Derivatives”, D. H. McConville,et al, Organometallics 1995, 14, 3154-3156. U.S. Pat. No. 5,318,935describes bridged and unbridged, bis-amido catalyst compounds of Group-4metals capable of α-olefins polymerization. Bridged bis(arylamido)Group-4 compounds for olefin polymerization are described by D. H.McConville, et al., in Organometallics 1995, 14, 5478-5480. Syntheticmethods and compound characterization are presented. Further workappearing in D. H. McConville, et al, Macromolecules 1996, 29,5241-5243, describes bridged bis(arylamido) Group-4 compounds that arepolymerization catalysts for 1-hexene. Additional invention-suitabletransition-metal compounds include those described in WO 96/40805.Cationic Group-3- or Lanthanide olefin polymerization complexes aredisclosed in copending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/408,050, filed 29Sep. 1999, and its equivalent PCT/US99/22690. A monoanionic bidentateligand and two monoanionic ligands stabilize those catalyst precursors;they are activable with this invention” ionic cocatalysts. Othersuitable Group-4-5 non-metallocene catalysts are bimetallocycliccatalyst compounds comprising two independently selected Group-4-5 metalatoms directly linked through two bridging groups to form cycliccompounds.

[0930] Invention catalyst systems can use other transition metalcatalyst precursors that have a 2+ oxidation state as the additionalolefin polymerization catalyst. Typical Ni²⁺ and Pd²⁺ complexes arediimines, see “New Pd(II)— and Ni(II)— Based Catalysts forPolymerization of Ethylene and α-Olefins”, M. Brookhart, et al, J. Am.Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 6414-6415, WO 96/23010 and WO 97/02298. Seeadditionally the related bis(imino) Group-8 and -9 organometalliccompounds described by V. C. Gibson and others in “Novel olefinpolymerization catalysts based on iron and cobalt”, Chem. Commun.,849-850, 1998.

[0931] For a review of other potential catalysts used in combination orseries with the invention catalysts, see S. D. Ittel and L. K. Johnson,Chem. Rev. 2000, 1000, 1169 and V. C. Gibson and S. K. Spitzmesser,Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 283.

[0932] Supports:

[0933] The transition metal catalyst components described herein may besupported. For example, one or more transition metal catalyst componentsand/or one or more activators may be deposited on, contacted with,vaporized with, bonded to, or incorporated within, adsorbed or absorbedin, or on, one or more supports or carriers.

[0934] The support material may be any of the conventional supportmaterials. Preferably the support material is a porous support material,for example, talc, inorganic oxides and inorganic chlorides. Othersupport materials include resinous support materials such aspolystyrene, functionalized or crosslinked organic supports, such aspolystyrene divinyl benzene polyolefins or polymeric compounds,zeolites, clays, or any other organic or inorganic support material andthe like, or mixtures thereof.

[0935] Preferred support materials are inorganic oxides that includethose Group 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 or 14 metal oxides. Preferred supportsinclude silica, which may or may not be dehydrated, fumed silica,alumina (WO 99/60033), silica-alumina and mixtures thereof. Other usefulsupports include magnesia, titania, zirconia, magnesium chloride (U.S.Pat. No. 5,965,477), montmorillonite (European Patent EP-B1 0 511 665),phyllosilicate, zeolites, talc, clays (U.S. Pat. No. 6,034,187) and thelike. Also, combinations of these support materials may be used, forexample, silica-chromium, silica-alumina, silica-titania and the like.Additional support materials may include those porous acrylic polymersdescribed in EP 0 767 184 B1, which is incorporated herein by reference.Other support materials include nanocomposites as described in PCT WO99/47598, aerogels as described in WO 99/48605, spherulites as describedin U.S. Pat. No. 5,972,510 and polymeric beads as described in WO99/50311, which are all herein incorporated by reference. Lewis acidicmaterials such as montmorillonite and similar clays may also serve as asupport. In this case, the support can optionally double as theactivator component. But additional activator may also be used.

[0936] It is preferred that the support material, most preferably aninorganic oxide, has a surface area in the range of from about 10 toabout 700 m²/g, pore volume in the range of from about 0.1 to about 4.0cc/g and average particle size in the range of from about 5 to about 500μm. More preferably, the surface area of the support material is in therange of from about 50 to about 500 m²/g, pore volume of from about 0.5to about 3.5 cc/g and average particle size of from about 10 to about200 μm. Most preferably the surface area of the support material is inthe range is from about 100 to about 400 m²/g, pore volume from about0.8 to about 3.0 cc/g and average particle size is from about 5 to about100 μm. The average pore size of the carrier useful in the inventiontypically has pore size in the range of from 10 to 1000 Å, preferably 50to about 500 Å, and most preferably 75 to about 350 Å.

[0937] As is known in the art, the catalysts may also be supportedtogether on one inert support, or the catalysts may be independentlyplaced on two inert supports and subsequently mixed. Of the two methods,the former is preferred.

[0938] In another embodiment the support may comprise one or more typesof support material which may be treated differently. For example onecould use two different silicas that had different pore volumes or hadbeen calcined at different temperatures. Likewise one could use a silicathat had been treated with a scavenger or other additive and a silicathat had not.

[0939] Supported transition metal catalyst compounds, activators, orcatalyst systems may be prepared by placing the support material (whichmay be pre-treated, such as calcined or functionalized) and one or morecatalyst compounds, or one or more activators, or both activators andcatalyst compounds in a diluent, typically a solvent, and them removingthe diluent or solvent. The volume of the liquid may be from 0.5 to 20time the pore volume of the support or more. Certain embodiments,however, use 1 to 3 times the pore volume of the support.

[0940] Typically the instant supported catalyst systems may be preparedby any method effective to support other coordination catalyst systems,effective meaning that the catalyst so prepared can be used foroligomerizing or polymerizing monomers in a heterogeneous process. Thecatalyst precursor, activator, suitable diluent, and support may beadded in any order or simultaneously. In one invention embodiment, theactivator, dissolved in an appropriate solvent such as toluene isstirred with the support material for 1 minute to 10 hours. The totalvolume of the activation solution may be greater than the pore volume ofthe support, but some embodiments limit the total solution volume belowthat needed to form a gel or slurry (about 100-200% of the pore volume).In some embodiments the volume of the solution is limited to between 1and 5 times the pore volume of the support, typically between 1.5 and 3.The mixture is optionally heated to 30-200° C. during this time. Thecatalyst can be added to this mixture as a solid, if a suitable solventis employed in the previous step, or as a solution. Or alternatively,this mixture can be filtered, and the resulting solid mixed with acatalyst precursor solution. Similarly, the mixture may be vacuum driedand mixed with a catalyst precursor solution. The resulting catalystmixture is then stirred for 1 minute to 10 hours, and the catalyst iseither filtered from the solution and vacuum dried, or vacuum orevaporation alone removes the solvent.

[0941] In another invention embodiment, the catalyst precursor andactivator are combined in solvent to form a solution. The support isthen added to this solution and the mixture is stirred for 1 minute to10 hours. The total volume of this solution may be greater than the porevolume of the support, but some embodiments limit the total solutionvolume below that needed to form a gel or slurry (about 100-200% porevolume). In some embodiments the volume of the solution is limited tobetween 1 and 5 times the pore volume of the support, typically between1.5 and 3. The residual solvent is then removed, typically under vacuum,typically at ambient temperature and over 10-16 hours. But greater orlesser times are possible.

[0942] The catalyst precursor may also be supported in the absence ofthe activator, in which case the activator is added to the liquid phaseof a slurry process. For example, a solution of catalyst precursor ismixed with a support material for a period of up to 10 hours. Theresulting catalyst precursor mixture is then filtered from the solutionand dried under vacuum, or vacuum or evaporation alone removes thesolvent. The total volume of the catalyst precursor solution may begreater than the pore volume of the support, but some embodiments limitthe total solution volume below that needed to form a gel or slurry(about 100-200% of the pore volume). In some embodiments the volume ofthe solution is limited to between 1 and 5 times the pore volume of thesupport, typically between 1.5 and 3. Additionally, two or moredifferent catalyst precursors may be placed on the same support usingany of the support methods disclosed above. Likewise, two or moreactivators may be placed on the same support.

[0943] As well know in the art, the support material may be pretreatedby any number of methods. For example, inorganic oxides may be calcined,and/or chemically treated with dehydroxylating agents such as aluminumalkyls and the like.

[0944] Some embodiments select the carrier of invention catalysts tohave a surface area of 10-700 m²/g, or pore volume of 0.1-4.0 cc/g, andaverage particle size from 10-500 microns. But greater or lesser valuesmay also be used.

[0945] The transition metal catalyst compounds may generally bedeposited on the support at a loading level of 10-100 micromoles ofcatalyst precursor per gram of solid support; alternately from 20-80micromoles of catalyst precursor per gram of solid support; or from40-60 micromoles of catalyst precursor per gram of support. But greateror lesser values may be used. Some embodiments select greater or lesservalues, but require that the total amount of solid catalyst precursordoes not exceed the support's pore volume.

[0946] Additionally, oxidizing agents may be added to the supported orunsupported catalyst as described in WO 01/68725.

[0947] In another embodiment the activator is bound to the support priorto combination with the transition metal catalyst compound. For moreinformation on support bound activators, please see U.S. Pat. No.5,643,847, U.S. Pat. No. 5,972,823, EP 0 775 164 B11, WO 00/4059 A1, WO95/9578 A1.

[0948] Oligomerization or Polymerization Process

[0949] The catalyst compositions described above may be used tooligomerize or polymerize any unsaturated monomer, however they arepreferably used to oligomerize olefins, typically alpha-olefins. In theinstant oligomerization processes, the process temperature may be −100°C. to 300° C., −20° C. to 200° C., or 0° C. to 150° C. Some embodimentsselect oligomerization pressures (gauge) from 0 kPa-35 MPa or 500 kPa-15MPa. A preferred feedstock for the oligomerization process is thealpha-olefin, ethylene. But other alpha-olefins, including but notlimited to propylene and 1-butene, may also be used alone or combinedwith ethylene. Preferred alpha-olefins include any C₂ to C₄₀alpha-olefin, preferably and C₂ to C₂₀ alpha-olefin, preferably any C₂to C₂ alpha-olefin, preferably ethylene, propylene, and butene, mostpreferably ethylene. Dienes may be used in the processes describedherein, preferably alpha, omega-dienes are used alone or in combinationwith mono-alpha olefins.

[0950] Preferred oligomerization processes may be run in the presence ofvarious liquids, particularly aprotic organic liquids. Preferably thehomogeneous catalyst system, ethylene, alpha-olefins, and product aresoluble in these liquids. A supported (heterogeneous) catalyst systemmay also be used, but will form a slurry rather than a solution.Suitable liquids for both homo- and heterogeneous catalyst systems,include alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes, selected halogenatedhydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and in some cases,hydrofluorocarbons. Useful solvents specifically include hexane,toluene, cyclohexane, and benzene.

[0951] The instant invention may also be used to obtain mixtures ofolefins containing desirable numbers of carbon atoms. Factor K from theSchulz-Flory theory (see for instance B. Elvers, et al., Ed. Ullmann'sEncyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. A13, VCH VerlagsgesellschaftmbH, Weinheim, 1989, p. 243-247 and 275-276) serves as a measure ofthese olefins' molecular weights. From this theory, K=n(C_(n+2)olefin)/n(C_(n) olefin), where n(C_(n) olefin) is the number of moles ofolefin containing n carbon atoms, and n(C_(n+2) olefin) is the number ofmoles of olefin containing n+2 carbon atoms, or in other words the nexthigher oligomer of C_(n) olefin. From this can be determined the weight(mass) fractions of the various olefins in the resulting product. Theability to vary this factor provides the ability to choose thethen-desired olefins.

[0952] Invention-made olefins may be further polymerized with otherolefins to form more oligomers or even form homopolymers and copolymersof the alpha olefins produced. These polymers may be made by a number ofknown methods, such as Ziegler-Natta-type polymerization, metallocenecatalyzed polymerization, and other methods, see for instance WO96/23010, see for instance Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., vol. 34, p.1143-1170 (1995); European Patent Application, 416,815; and U.S. Pat.No. 5,198,401 for information about metallocene-type catalysts, and J.Boor Jr., Ziegler-Natta Catalysts and Polymerizations, Academic Press,New York, 1979 and G. Allen, et al., Ed., Comprehensive Polymer Science,Vol. 4, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1989, pp. 1-108, 409-412 and 533-584,for information about Ziegler-Natta-type catalysts, and H. Mark, et al.,Ed., Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Vol. 6, John Wiley& Sons, New York, 1992, p. 383-522, for information about polyethylene.

[0953] Preferred oligomerization processes include oligomerizingethylene to C₄-C₂₆ linear alpha-olefins.

[0954] Oligomers produced herein may be used as polyolefin feed stocks.They may be used as a mixture of olefins alone, as a mixture of olefinsadded to other olefins, or they may be separated into fractions and thenused alone or in combination with other olefins to form polyolefins.Additionally, alpha-olefins produced herein may be converted to alcoholsby known processes, these alcohols being useful for a variety ofapplications such as intermediates for detergents or plasticizers.Typical processes for the conversion of alpha-olefins to alcoholsinclude, but are not limited to the oxo process followed byhydrogenation, or by a modified, single-step oxo process (the modifiedShell process), see for instance B. Elvers, et al., Ed., Ullmann'sEncyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th Ed., Vol. Al 8, VCHVerlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, 1991, p. 321-327.

EXAMPLES

[0955] Preparation of Ligands

[0956] The electrospray (ES) mass spectra were recorded using amicromass Quattra LC mass spectrometer with methanol as the matrix[Masslynx software; open-access autosampler injection]. The infraredspectra were recorded as Nujol mulls between 0.5 mm NaCl plates on aPerkin Elmer 1600 series. ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra were recorded on aBruker ARX spectrometer 250/300 Hz; chemical shifts (ppm) are referredto the residual protic solvent peaks. The reagents including sodiumt-butoxide, potassium carbonate, the aryl bromides, 2-picolyl chloridehydrochloride and diethylenetriamine were purchased from AldrichChemical Co. and used without further purification. rac-BINAP (rac2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′binaphthyl) was purchased from StremChemical Co. The compounds, Pd₂(dba)₃(tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0)) used as the chloroformsolvate [1], (H₂NCH₂CH₂)₂{(2-C₅H₄N)CH₂}N[bis(2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine] [2], (H₂NCH₂CH₂)₂NMe[N-methyldiethylenetriamine] [3] and {(2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂)HNCH₂CH₂}₂NH[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine] (1b) [4] were preparedaccording to previously reported procedures. Pd₂(dba)₃ can also bepurchased from Strem Chemical Co. All other chemicals were obtainedcommercially and used without further purification.

[0957] [1] T. Ukai, H. Kawazura, Y. Ishii, J. Bonnet and J. A. Ibers, J.Organomet. Chem., 1974, 65, 253. [2] M. E. G. Skinner, D. A. Cowhig andP. Mountford, Chem. Commun., 2000, 1167. [3] G. Riggio, H. Wolfgang, A.A. Hofmann and P. G. Waser, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1980, 63, 488. [4] L.-C.Liang, R. R. Schrock, W. M. Davis and D. H. McConville, J. Am. Chem.Soc., 1999, 121, 5797.

EXAMPLES 1-6

[0958]

EXAMPLE 1

[0959] Preparation of bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine(1a)

[0960] A schlenk flask was charged with diethylenetriamine (1.06 g, 10.3mmol), 2-bromo-m-xylene (2.74 cm³, 3.81 g, 20.6 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.047g, 0.052 mmol, 0.005 eq.), rac-BINAP (0.096 g, 0.155 mmol, 0.015 eq.),NaOBu^(t) (2.97 g, 30.9 mmol) and toluene (40 cm³). The reaction mixturewas heated to 100° C. and stirred for a period of four days. Aftercooling to room temperature, the solvent was removed under reducedpressure to afford an oily residue. The residue was dissolved in diethylether (30 cm³) and washed with water (3×30 cm³) and saturated sodiumchloride solution (3×30 cm³). The organic layer was separated and driedover magnesium sulfate. The solvent was removed under reduced pressureand the residue left under vacuum at 70° C. for 24 h to give{(2,6-Me₂C₆H₃)HNCH₂CH₂}₂NH (1a) as a viscous oil (2.40 g, 75%).

[0961] Compound 1a: ES mass spectrum, m/z 312 (M⁺+H)⁺; IR (nujol mull,cm⁻¹), 3358 (N—H, medium); NMR (CDCl₃, 293 K): ¹H NMR, δ 6.91 (d, 4H,Ar—H_(m)), 6.76 (t, 2H, Ar—H_(p)), 3.05 (t, 4H, CH₂), 2.80 (t, 4H, CH₂)and 2.21 (s, 12H, Me_(o)); ¹³C (¹H composite pulse decoupled) NMR, δ150.0 (s, Ar), 129.1 (s, Ar), 129.1 (s, Ar), 122.0 (s, Ar), 58.3 (s,CH₂), 46.3 (s, CH₂) and 19.3 (s, Me_(o)).

EXAMPLE 2

[0962] Preparation of bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine(1b)

[0963] Compound {(2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂)HNCH₂CH₂}₂NH (1b) was prepared using theprocedure previously described in ref. 4 (JACS, 1999, 121, 5797) usingdiethylenetriamine (1.06 g, 10.3 mmol), 2-bromomesitylene (3.15 cm³,4.10 g, 20.6 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.047 g, 0.052 mmol, 0.005 eq.),rac-BINAP (0.096 g, 0.155 mmol, 0.015 eq.), NaOBu^(t) (2.97 g, 30.9mmol) in toluene (40 cm³). The spectroscopic and analytical data for asample of 1b obtained in this work were consistent with the reportedresults.

EXAMPLE 3

[0964] Preparation of bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine(1c)

[0965] Compound {(2,6-Me₂C₆H₃)HNCH₂CH₂}₂NMe (1c) was prepared using ananalogous route to that outlined for 1a using N-methyldiethylenetriamine(1.21 g, 10.3 mmol), 2-bromo-m-xylene (2.74 cm³, 3.81 g, 20.6 mmol),Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.047 g, 0.052 mmol, 0.005 eq.), rac-BINAP (0.096 g, 0.155mmol, 0.015 eq.), NaOBu^(t) (2.97 g, 30.9 mmol) in toluene (40 cm³).Compound 1c was obtained as a red oil in good yield (2.72 g, 81%).

[0966] Compound 1c: ES mass spectrum, m/z 326 (M+H)⁺; IR (nujol mull,cm⁻¹), 3357 (N—H, medium); NMR (CDCl₃, 293 K): ¹H NMR, δ 6.90 (d, 4H,Ar—H_(m)), 6.74 (t, 2H, Ar—H_(p)), 3.03 (t, 4H, CH₂), 2.55 (t, 4H, CH₂),2.21 (s, 12H, Me_(o)) and 2.19 (s, 3H, N-Me); ¹³C (¹H composite pulsedecoupled) NMR, δ 146.9 (s, Ar), 129.3 (s, Ar), 129.2 (s, Ar), 121.8 (s,Ar), 58.7 (s, CH₂), 46.1 (s, CH₂), 41.7 (s, N-Me) and 19.1 (s, Me_(o)).

EXAMPLE 4

[0967] Preparation ofbis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine (1d)

[0968] Compound {(2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂)HNCH₂CH₂}₂NMe (1d) was prepared using ananalogous route to that outlined for 1a using N-methyldiethylenetriamine(1.21 g, 10.3 mmol), 2-bromomesitylene (3.15 cm³, 4.10 g, 20.6 mmol),Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.047 g, 0.052 mmol, 0.005 eq.), rac-BINAP (0.096 g, 0.155mmol, 0.015 eq.), NaOBu^(t) (2.97 g, 30.9 mmol) in toluene (40 cm³).Compound 1d was obtained as a red oil in good yield (2.88 g, 79%).

[0969] Compound 1d: ES mass spectrum, m/z 354 (M+H)⁺; IR (nujol mull,cm⁻¹), 3357 (N—H, medium); NMR (CDCl₃, 293 K): ¹H NMR, δ 6.84 (s, 4H,Ar—H), 3.04 (t, 4H, CH₂), 2.61 (t, 4H, CH₂), 2.28 (s, 12H, Me_(o)), 2.21(s, 6H, Me_(o)) and 2.17 (s, 3H, N-Me); ¹³C (¹H composite pulsedecoupled) NMR, δ 146.7 (s, Ar), 129.1 (s, Ar), 128.9 (s, Ar), 121.9 (s,Ar), 58.4 (s, CH₂), 46.3 (s, CH₂), 41.7 (s, N-Me), 20.7 (s, Me_(p)) and19.1 (s, Me_(o)).

EXAMPLE 5

[0970] Preparation ofbis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine (2a)

[0971] Compound {(2,6-Me₂C₆H₃)HNCH₂CH₂}₂ {(2-C₅H₄N)CH₂}N (2a) wasprepared by two alternative routes (1 and 2 outlined below).

[0972] Route 1: A schlenk flask was charged withbis(2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine (1.00 g, 5.15 mol), 2-bromo-m-xylene(1.37 cm³, 1.91 g, 10.3 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.024 g, 0.026 mmol, 0.0025eq.), rac-BINAP (0.048 g, 0.078 mmol, 0.075 eq.), NaOBu^(t) (1.49 g,15.45 mmol) and toluene (20 cm³). The reaction mixture was heated to100° C. and stirred for a period of four days. After cooling to roomtemperature, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to afford anoily residue. The residue was dissolved in diethyl ether (30 cm³) andwashed with water (3×30 cm³) and saturated sodium chloride solution(3×30 cm³). The organic layer was separated and dried over magnesiumsulfate. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residueleft under vacuum at 70° C. for 24 h to give 2a as a viscous oil (1.43g, 69%).

[0973] Route 2: A schlenk flask was charged with 1a (0.50 g, 1.61 mmol),2-picolyl chloride hydrochloride (0.397 g, 2.42 mmol), K₂CO₃ (0.68 g,4.83 mmol) and acetonitrile (40 cm³). The reaction mixture was heated to55° C. and stirred for a period of three days. After cooling to roomtemperature, the solution was filtered and the solvent removed underreduced pressure to afford an oily residue. The residue was dissolved indiethyl ether (30 cm³) and washed with water (3×30 cm³). The organiclayer was separated and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure and the residue left under vacuum at 70°C. for 24 h to give 2a as a viscous oil (0.45 g, 69%).

[0974] Compound 2a: ES mass spectrum, m/z 403 [M+H]⁺; IR (nujol mull,cm⁻¹), 3356 (N—H, medium); NMR (CDCl₃, 293 K): ¹H NMR, δ 8.5-7.1 (m, 4H,Py-H), 6.91 (m, 4H, Ar—H_(m)), 6.71 (m, 2H, Ar—H_(p)), 3.86 (s, 2H,Py-CH₂), 3.03 (t, 4H, ³J_(H-H) 5.7 Hz, CH₂), 2.77 (t, 4H, ³J_(H-H) 5.7Hz, CH₂) and 2.20 (s, 12H, Me_(o)); ¹³C (¹H composite pulse decoupled)NMR, δ 160.3 (s, Py), 149.7 (s, Py), 146.8 (s, Ar), 136.9 (s, Py), 129.7(s, Ar), 129.2 (s, Ar), 122.6 (s, Ar), 122.4 (s, Py), 121.9 (s, Py),55.4 (s, Py-CH₂), 50.1 (s, CH₂), 48.3 (s, CH₂) and 18.9 (s, Me_(o)).

EXAMPLE 6

[0975] Preparation ofbis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine (2b)

[0976] As with 2a, compound {(2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂)HNCH₂CH₂}₂{(2-C₅H₄N)CH₂}N(2b) was prepared by two alternative routes.

[0977] Route 1: The procedure described for the preparation of 2a(route 1) was employed using bis(2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine (1.00 g,5.15 mmol), 2-bromomesitylene (1.58 cm³, 2.05 g, 10.3 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃(0.024 g, 0.026 mmol, 0.0025 eq.), rac-BINAP (0.048 g, 0.078 mmol, 0.075eq.), NaOBu^(t) (1.49 g, 15.45 mmol) in toluene (20 cm³). Compound 2bwas obtained as a red oil in good yield (1.61 g, 73%).

[0978] Route 2: The procedure described for the preparation of 2a (route2) was employed using 1b (0.54 g, 1.61 mmol), 2-picolyl chloridehydrochloride (0.397 g, 2.42 mmol), K₂CO₃ (0.68 g, 4.83 mmol) inacetonitrile (40 cm³). Compound 2b was obtained as a red oil in goodyield (0.47 g, 69%).

[0979] Compound 2b: ES mass spectrum, m/z 431 [M+H]⁺; IR (nujol mull,cm⁻¹), 3357 (N—H, medium); NMR (CDCl₃, 293 K): ¹H NMR, δ 8.7-7.1 (m, 4H,Py-H), 6.83 (s, 4H, Ar—H), 3.98 (s, 2H, Py-CH₂, 2H), 3.10 (t, 4H, CH₂),2.89 (t, 4H, CH₂), 2.28 (s, 12H, Me_(o)) and 2.20 (s, 6H, Me_(p)); ¹³C(¹H composite pulse decoupled) NMR, δ 159.9 (s, Py), 149.4 (s, Py),143.8 (s, Ar), 136.5 (s, Py), 129.5 (s, Ar), 129.1 (s, Ar), 122.2 (s,Py), 122.1 (s, Py), 122.0 (s, Ar), 55.0 (s, CH₂), 49.8 (s, CH₂), 48.4(s, CH₂), 20.6 (s, Me_(p)) and 18.5 (s, Me_(o)).

[0980] Preparation of Complexes

[0981] All complexes were prepared under an atmosphere of dry,oxygen-free nitrogen, using standard Schlenk techniques or in a nitrogenpurged glove box. n-Butanol was dried and deoxygenated by distillationover sodium metal under nitrogen. The metal dichlorides were purchasedfrom Aldrich Chemical Co. and used without any further purification. FABmass spectra were recorded using a Kratos Concept spectrometer with NBA(nitrobenzyl alcohol) as the matrix [samples placed on the end of probewithin matrix and bombarded with xenon atoms at ca. 7 kV; Mach3software, probe temperature 50° C.]. Magnetic Susceptibility studieswere performed using an Evans Balance (Johnson Matthey) at roomtemperature. Elemental analyses were performed by S. Boyer at theDepartment of Chemistry, University of North London (UK). Data for thecrystal structure determinations were collected on a Bruker APEX 2000CCD diffractometer and solved using SHELXTL version 6.10.

EXAMPLES 7-12

[0982]

EXAMPLE 7

[0983] Preparation of[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dichloride (3a)

[0984] A solution of 1a (0.100 g, 0.32 mmol) in n-butanol (2 cm³) wasadded dropwise to a solution of CoCl₂ (0.042 g, 0.32 mmol) in n-butanol(5 cm³) at 90° C. to yield a green solution. After being stirred at 90°C. for 1 h, the reaction was allowed to cool to room temperature. Thereaction mixture was concentrated and hexane added to induceprecipitation of the product as a pale blue solid. The suspension wasstirred overnight, filtered, washed with hexane (2×30 cm³) and driedunder reduced pressure to afford 3a as a pale blue solid (0.11 g, 80%).

[0985] Complex 3a: FAB mass spectrum, m/z 441 [M]+, 406 [M-Cl]+; IR(nujol mull, cm⁻¹), 3156 (N—H, weak); μ_(eff) (Evans Balance), 4.0 BM.C₂₀H₂₉N₃CoCl₂: calcd. C, 54.42; H, 6.58; N, 9.52; found C 54.07, H 6.53,N 9.15%.

[0986] Layering of an acetonitrile solution of 3a with hexane gavecrystals suitable for single crystal X-ray diffraction study (FIG. 1).

EXAMPLE 8

[0987] Preparation of[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dichloride (3b)

[0988] Complex 3b was prepared using an analogous route to that outlinedfor 3a using 1b (0.11 g, 0.32 mmol) and CoCl₂ (0.042 g, 0.32 mmol) inn-butanol. Compound 3b was obtained as a pale blue solid (0.12 g, 79%).

[0989] Complex 3b: FAB mass spectrum, m/z 469 [M]+, 434 [M-Cl]⁺; μ_(eff)(Evans Balance), 3.9 BM. C₂₂H₃₃N₃CoCl₂: calcd. C, 56.29; H, 7.04; N,8.96; found C, 56.11; H, 6.99; N, 8.88%.

[0990] Layering of an acetonitrile solution of 3b with hexane gavecrystals suitable for single crystal X-ray diffraction study (FIG. 2).

EXAMPLE 9

[0991] Preparation of[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobalt dichloride(3c)

[0992] Complex 3c was prepared using an analogous route to that outlinedfor 3a using 1c (0.104 g, 0.32 mmol) and CoCl₂ (0.042 g, 0.32 mmol) inn-butanol. Compound 3c was obtained as a pale blue solid (0.11 g, 76%).

[0993] Complex 3c: FAB mass spectrum, m/z 455 [M]+, 420 [M-Cl]+; IR(nujol mull, cm⁻¹), 3335 (N—H, weak); μ_(eff) (Evans Balance), 4.0 BM.C₂₁H₃₁N₃CoCl₂: calcd. C 55.38; H, 6.81; N, 9.23; found C 55.65, H 7.02,N 9.11%.

[0994] Layering of an acetonitrile solution of 3c with hexane gavecrystals suitable for single crystal X-ray diffraction study (FIG. 3).

EXAMPLE 10

[0995] Preparation of[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobalt dichloride(3d)

[0996] Complex 3d was prepared using an analogous route to that outlinedfor 3a using 1d (0.113 g, 0.32 mmol) and CoCl₂ (0.042 g, 0.32 mmol) inn-butanol. Complex 3d was obtained as a pale blue solid (0.11 g, 71%).

[0997] Complex 3d: FAB mass spectrum, m/z 483 [M]+, 448 [M-Cl]+; μ_(eff)(Evans Balance), 3.8 BM.

EXAMPLE 11

[0998] Preparation of[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride (4a)

[0999] A solution of 2a (0.129 g, 0.32 mmol) in n-butanol (2 cm³) wasadded dropwise to a solution of CoCl₂ (0.042 g, 0.32 mmol) in n-butanol(5 cm³) at 90° C. to yield a green solution. After being stirred at 90°C. for 1 h, the reaction was allowed to cool to room temperature. Thereaction mixture was concentrated and hexane added to induceprecipitation of the product as a pale blue solid. The suspension wasstirred overnight, filtered, washed with hexane (2×30 cm³) and driedunder reduced pressure to afford 4a as a pale blue solid.Recrystallization from hot acetonitrile gave 4a as pale blue blocks(0.12 g, 69%).

[1000] Complex 4a: FAB mass spectrum, m/z 532 [M]+, 497 [M-Cl]+; μ_(eff)(Evans Balance), 3.9 BM.

EXAMPLE 12

[1001] Preparation of[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride (4b)

[1002] Complex 4b was prepared using an analogous route to that outlinedfor 4a using 2b (0.138 g, 0.32 mmol) and CoCl₂ (0.042 g, 0.32 mmol) inn-butanol. Complex 4b was obtained as a pale blue solid (0.13 g, 71%).Recrystallization of 4b could be achieved by the slow cooling of a hotacetonitrile solution of 4b.

[1003] Complex 4b: FAB mass spectrum, m/z 560 [α]+, 525 [M-Cl]⁺; μ_(eff)(Evans Balance), 3.8 BM. C₂₈H₃₈N₄CoCl₂: calcd. C, 60.00; H, 6.76; N,10.00; found C 60.13, H 6.94, N 10.14%.

[1004] Layering of a dichloromethane solution of 4b with diethylethergave pale blue crystals suitable for a single crystal X-ray diffractionstudy (FIG. 4).

[1005] Oligomerizations

[1006] The reagents used in the oligomerization tests were EthyleneGrade 3.5 (supplied from BOC) and methylaluminoxane (MAO, 10% wtsolution in toluene, supplied by Aldrich). GC measurements were obtainedusing an HP 5890 chromatogram [Column type SGE HT-5 (aluminum clad fusedsilica capillary); Column length 12 m; Column internal diameter 0.53 mm;Initial column temperature 55 C] with a flame ionization detector [FID(440 C)].

EXAMPLE 13

[1007] Schlenk Tube Oligomerization

[1008] The complexes 3a and 3b made in Examples 7 and 8 above weredissolved or suspended in toluene (40 cm³) and MAO introduced. The tubewas purged with ethylene and the contents stirred under one bar ethyleneat 25° C. for the duration of the oligomerization. After half an hourthe oligomerization was terminated by the addition of aqueous hydrogenchloride. The aqueous phase was separated and washed with toluene (2×25ml) and all organic layers combined and dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. The solutions were prepared for quantitative GC analysis bydiluting the organic phases to 100 ml with toluene in a volumetric flaskand adding 1-heptadecene (50 μl) as an internal standard. The runs aresummarized in Table 2. FIG. 5 shows the Schulz-Flory distribution forruns 1 and 3 using pre-catalysts, 3a and 3c, respectively. FIG. 6 showsthe oligomer distribution of oligomer fractions versus carbon number forruns 2 and 4 using pre-catalysts 3b and 3d, respectively. TABLE 2Schlenk test oligomerization runs.^(a) Activity (g/ PrecatalystActivator^(b) Oligomers mmol/ Run (mmol) (mmol/equiv.) (g)^(c) h/bar) K(α)^(d) β^(e) 1 3a (0.010) MAO (4/400) 0.206 41 0.74 0.35 2 3b (0.010)MAO (4/400) 0.198 40 0.74 0.35 3 3c (0.010) MAO (4/400) 0.168 34 0.760.32 4 3d (0.010) MAO (4/400) 0.279 56 0.74 0.35 5 4b (0.010) MAO(4/400) trace trace — —

[1009] All documents described herein are incorporated by referenceherein, including any priority documents and testing procedures for alljurisdictions in which such incorporation is permitted. As is apparentfrom the foregoing general description and the specific embodiments,while forms of the invention have been illustrated and described,various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit andscope of the invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that theinvention be limited thereby. Certain features of the present inventionare described in terms of a set of numerical upper limits and a set ofnumerical lower limits. This specification discloses all ranges formedby any combination of these limits. All combinations of these limits arewithin the scope of the invention unless otherwise indicated.

We claim:
 1. A transition metal catalyst compound represented by theformula: LMX₂ or the formula (LMX₂)₂ wherein each M is independently aGroup 7 to 11 metal; each L is, independently, a tridentate ortetradentate neutrally charged ligand that is bonded to M by three orfour nitrogen atoms, where at least one of the nitrogen atoms is acentral nitrogen atom and at least two of the nitrogen atoms areterminal nitrogen atoms, and at least two terminal nitrogen atoms aresubstituted with one C₃-C₅₀ hydrocarbyl and one hydrogen atom or twohydrocarbyls wherein at least one hydrocarbyl is a C₃-C₅₀ hydrocarbyl,and the central nitrogen atom is bonded to three different carbon atomsor two different carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom; and each X isindependently a monoanionic ligand, or two X may join together to form abidentate dianionic ligand.
 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein Mcomprises a group 7, 8, 9, or 10 transition metal.
 3. The composition ofclaim 1 wherein M comprises one or more of nickel, cobalt, iron ormanganese.
 4. The composition of claim 1 wherein X is a hydride,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substitutedhalocarbyl, or two X groups together are a hydrocarbdiyl, halocarbdiyl,substituted hydrocarbdiyl, or substituted halocarbdiyl.
 5. Thecomposition of claim 1 wherein X is selected from the group consistingof chloride, bromide, iodide, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl,hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl,tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl,eicosyl, heneicosyl, docosyl, tricosyl, tetracosyl, pentacosyl,hexacosyl, heptacosyl, octacosyl, nonacosyl, triacontyl, hydride,phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, tolyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy,dimethylamido, diethylamido, methylethylamido, phenoxy, benzoxy, andallyl.
 6. The composition of claim 1 wherein two X groups are joined andare selected from the group consisting of methylidene, ethylidene,propylidene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, butadiene,methylbutadiene, dimethylbutadiene, pentadiene, methylpentadiene,dimethylpentadiene, hexadiene, methylhexadiene, and dimethylhexadiene.7. A catalyst system comprising the composition of claim 1 and anactivator.
 8. The catalyst system of claim 7 wherein the activatorcomprises an alumoxane.
 9. The catalyst system of claim 7 wherein theactivator comprises an alkyl aluminum compound.
 10. The catalyst systemof claim 7 wherein the activator comprises an ionizing or stoichiometricactivator.
 11. The catalyst system of claim 7 wherein the activatorcomprises of or more of: trimethylammonium tetraphenylborate,triethylammonium tetraphenylborate, tripropylammonium tetraphenylborate,tri(n-butyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetraphenylborate, N,N-dimethylanilinium tetraphenylborate,N,N-diethylanilinium tetraphenylborate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium) tetraphenylborate, tropilliumtetraphenylborate, triphenylcarbenium tetraphenylborate,triphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate triethylsilyliumtetraphenylborate, benzene(diazonium) tetraphenylborate,di(isopropyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetraphenylborate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(sec-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluoro-phenyl)borate, dimethyl(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, andtri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate.
 12. The catalyst systemof claim 7 wherein the transition metal catalyst compound is present ona support.
 13. The catalyst system of claim 7 wherein the transitionmetal catalyst compound and the activator are present on a support. 14.The catalyst system of claim 12 wherein the support comprises one ormore Group 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 or 14 metal oxides.
 15. The catalyst system ofclaim 13 wherein the support comprises one or more Group 2, 3, 4, 5, 13or 14 metal oxides.
 16. The catalyst system of claim 12 wherein thesupport comprises one or more of silica, alumina, silica-alumina,magnesia, titania, zirconia, magnesium chloride, montmorillonite,phyllosilicate, zeolites, talc, clays, silica-chromium, silica-titania,porous acrylic polymers, nanocomposites, aerogels, spherulites, orpolymeric beads.
 17. The catalyst system of claim 13 wherein the supportcomprises one or more of silica, alumina, silica-alumina, magnesia,titania, zirconia, magnesium chloride, montmorillonite, phyllosilicate,zeolites, talc, clays, silica-chromium, silica-titania, porous acrylicpolymers, nanocomposites, aerogels, spherulites, or polymeric beads. 18.The catalyst system of claim 12 wherein the support is silica.
 19. Thecatalyst system of claim 13 wherein the support is silica.
 20. Thecatalyst system of claim 12 wherein the activator is bound to thesupport prior to combination with the transition metal catalystcompound.
 21. The catalyst system of claim 13 wherein the activator isbound to the support prior to combination with the transition metalcatalyst compound.
 22. The catalyst system of claim 18 wherein theactivator is bound to the support prior to combination with thetransition metal catalyst compound.
 23. The catalyst system of claim 19wherein the activator is bound to the support prior to combination withthe transition metal catalyst compound.
 24. A process to polymerizeunsaturated monomers comprising contacting monomers with the compound ofclaim
 1. 25. A process to polymerize unsaturated monomers comprisingcontacting monomers with the catalyst system of claim
 7. 26. A processto polymerize unsaturated monomers comprising contacting monomers withthe catalyst system of claim
 8. 27. A process to polymerize unsaturatedmonomers comprising contacting monomers with the catalyst system ofclaim
 9. 28. A process to polymerize unsaturated monomers comprisingcontacting monomers with the catalyst system of claim
 10. 29. A processto polymerize unsaturated monomers comprising contacting monomers withthe catalyst system of claim
 11. 30. A process to polymerize unsaturatedmonomers comprising contacting monomers with the catalyst system ofclaim
 12. 31. A process to polymerize unsaturated monomers comprisingcontacting monomers with the catalyst system of claim
 13. 32. A processto polymerize unsaturated monomers comprising contacting monomers withthe catalyst system of claim
 17. 33. A process to polymerize unsaturatedmonomers comprising contacting monomers with the catalyst system ofclaim
 19. 34. A process to polymerize unsaturated monomers comprisingcontacting monomers with the catalyst system of claim
 21. 35. Theprocess of claim 24, wherein the monomer comprises one or morealpha-olefins.
 36. The process of claim 24, wherein the monomercomprises one or more C2 to C40 alpha-olefins.
 37. The process of claim24, wherein the monomer comprises one or more of ethylene, propylene,butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene orthe isomers thereof.
 38. The process of claim 24, wherein the monomercomprises one or more dienes.
 39. The process of claim 25, wherein themonomer comprises one or more of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene,hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene or the isomersthereof.
 40. The process of claim 26, wherein the monomer comprises oneor more of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene,octene, nonene, decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof.
 41. The processof claim 27, wherein the monomer comprises one or more of ethylene,propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene,dodecene or the isomers thereof.
 42. The process of claim 28, whereinthe monomer comprises one or more of ethylene, propylene, butene,pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene or theisomers thereof.
 43. The process of claim 29, wherein the monomercomprises one or more of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene,heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof. 44.The process of claim 30, wherein the monomer comprises one or more ofethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene,decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof.
 45. The process of claim 31,wherein the monomer comprises one or more of ethylene, propylene,butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene orthe isomers thereof.
 46. The process of claim 32, wherein the monomercomprises one or more of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene,heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof. 47.The process of claim 33, wherein the monomer comprises one or more ofethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene,decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof.
 48. The process of claim 34,wherein the monomer comprises one or more of ethylene, propylene,butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene orthe isomers thereof.
 49. A process to oligomerize an unsaturated monomercomprising contacting the monomer with the catalysts system of claim 7.50. A process to oligomerize an unsaturated monomer comprisingcontacting the monomer with a catalyst system comprising a transitionmetal catalyst compound combined with an activator, where thecombination is selected from the group consisting of:[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine] irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine] nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride/methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dichloride/modifiedmethylalumoxane, [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dichloride/modifiedmethylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dibromide/modifiedmethylalumoxane, [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dimethyl/modifiedmethylalumoxane, [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride/modifiedmethylalumoxane, [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride/modifiedmethylalumoxane, [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride/modifiedmethylalumoxane, [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine] irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickel dichloride/modifiedmethylalumoxane, [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickel dichloride/modifiedmethylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copper dichloride/modifiedmethylalumoxane, [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane, and[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride/modified methylalumoxane.
 51. A transition metal catalystcompound is represented by the formula:

wherein each M is, independently, a group 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11 transitionmetal; N is nitrogen; C is carbon; each X is, independently, an anionicmonodentate ligand, or both X groups together may form a bidentatedianionic ligand; each R′ is, independently, a hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl,a substituted hydrocarbyl, a halocarbyl, or a substituted halocarbyl;independently, two R′ groups on the same carbon may join to form acyclic or polycyclic ring structure; when y is 2, 3, or 4, two or moreR′ groups on adjacent carbon atoms may join to form a cyclic orpolycyclic ring structure; each y is, independently, 1, 2, 3 or 4; eachR1 and R3 is, independently, a hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or halocarbyl; eachR2 and R4 is, independently, a C3 to C50 hydrocarbyl or a C3 to C50halocarbyl; each R5 is, independently, hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl, asubstituted hydrocarbyl, a halocarbyl, or a substituted halocarbyl;optionally R5 may be bonded to M through the heteroatom of a substitutedhydrocarbyl, or a substituted halocarbyl; L′ is a neutral ligand bondedto M; and w is 0 or
 1. 52. The compound of claim 51 wherein wherein Mcomprises a group 7, 8, 9, or 10 transition metal.
 53. The compound ofclaim 51 wherein M comprises one or more of nickel, cobalt, iron ormanganese.
 54. The compound of claim 51 wherein X is a hydride,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substitutedhalocarbyl, or two X groups together are a hydrocarbdiyl, halocarbdiyl,substituted hydrocarbdiyl, or substituted halocarbdiyl.
 55. The compoundof claim 51 wherein X is selected from the group consisting of chloride,bromide, iodide, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl,octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl,hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, heneicosyl,docosyl, tricosyl, tetracosyl, pentacosyl, hexacosyl, heptacosyl,octacosyl, nonacosyl, triacontyl, hydride, phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl,tolyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, dimethylamido, diethylamido,methylethylamido, phenoxy, benzoxy, and allyl.
 56. The compound of claim51 wherein two X groups are joined and are selected from the groupconsisting of methylidene, ethylidene, propylidene, tetramethylene,pentamethylene, hexamethylene, butadiene, methylbutadiene,dimethylbutadiene, pentadiene, methylpentadiene, dimethylpentadiene,hexadiene, methylhexadiene, and dimethylhexadiene.
 57. The compound ofclaim 51 wherein wherein R1 and/or R3, independently, are selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, C1 to C30 hydrocarbyls, and C1 to C30halocarbyls, and wherein R2 and/or R4, independently, are selected fromthe group consisting of C3 to C50 hydrocarbyls, and C3 to C50halocarbyls.
 58. The compound of claim 51 wherein R5, if present, isselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1 to C30 hydrocarbyls,C1 to C30 substituted hydrocarbyls, C1 to C30 halocarbyls and C1 to C30substituted halocarbyls.
 59. The compound of claim 51 wherein R′ isselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1 to C30 hydrocarbyls,C1 to C30 substituted hydrocarbyls, C1 to C30 halocarbyls, and C1 to C30substituted halocarbyls.
 60. A catalyst system comprising the compoundof claim 51 and an activator.
 61. The catalyst system of claim 60wherein the activator comprises an alumoxane.
 62. The catalyst system ofclaim 60 wherein the activator comprises an alkyl aluminum compound. 63.The catalyst system of claim 60 wherein the activator comprises anionizing or stoichiometric activator.
 64. The catalyst system of claim60 wherein the activator comprises one or more of: trimethylammoniumtetraphenylborate, triethylammonium tetraphenylborate, tripropylammoniumtetraphenylborate, tri(n-butyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate,tri(t-butyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetraphenylborate, N,N-diethylanilinium tetraphenylborate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium) tetraphenylborate, tropilliumtetraphenylborate, triphenylcarbenium tetraphenylborate,triphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate triethylsilyliumtetraphenylborate, benzene(diazonium) tetraphenylborate,di(isopropyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetraphenylborate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(sec-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluoro-phenyl)borate, dimethyl(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, andtri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate.
 65. The catalyst systemof claim 60 wherein the transition metal catalyst compound is present ona support.
 66. The catalyst system of claim 60 wherein the transitionmetal catalyst compound and the activator are present on a support. 67.The catalyst system of claim 60 wherein the support comprises one ormore Group 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 or 14 metal oxides.
 68. The catalyst system ofclaim 60 wherein the support comprises one or more of silica, alumina,silica-alumina, magnesia, titania, zirconia, magnesium chloride,montmorillonite, phyllosilicate, zeolites, talc, clays, silica-chromium,silica-titania, porous acrylic polymers, nanocomposites, aerogels,spherulites, or polymeric beads.
 69. The catalyst system of claim 60wherein the support is silica.
 70. The catalyst system of claim 60wherein the activator is bound to the support prior to combination withthe transition metal catalyst compound.
 71. The catalyst system of claim60 wherein M comprises one or more of nickel, cobalt, iron or manganeseand X is selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide,iodide, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl,nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl,hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, heneicosyl,docosyl, tricosyl, tetracosyl, pentacosyl, hexacosyl, heptacosyl,octacosyl, nonacosyl, triacontyl, hydride, phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl,tolyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, dimethylamido, diethylamido,methylethylamido, phenoxy, benzoxy, and allyl and R¹ or R³,independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁ toC₃₀ hydrocarbyls, and C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyls, and wherein R² or R⁴,independently, are selected from the group consisting of C₃ to C₅₀hydrocarbyls, and C₃ to C₅₀ halocarbyls and R⁵ is selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, C₁ to C₃₀ hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀substituted hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyls and C₁ to C₃₀substituted halocarbyls and R′ is selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, C₁ to C₃₀ hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ substituted hydrocarbyls, C₁to C₃₀ halocarbyls, and C₁ to C₃₀ substituted halocarbyls.
 72. Thecatalyst system of claim 71 wherein the activator comprises analumoxane.
 73. The catalyst system of claim 71 wherein the activatorcomprises one or more of: trimethylammonium tetraphenylborate,triethylammonium tetraphenylborate, tripropylammonium tetraphenylborate,tri(n-butyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetraphenylborate, N,N-dimethylanilinium tetraphenylborate,N,N-diethylanilinium tetraphenylborate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium) tetraphenylborate, tropilliumtetraphenylborate, triphenylcarbenium tetraphenylborate,triphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate triethylsilyliumtetraphenylborate, benzene(diazonium) tetraphenylborate,di(isopropyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetraphenylborate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(sec-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluoro-phenyl)borate, dimethyl(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,Ndimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium) tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate,tropillium tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, andtri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate.
 74. The catalyst systemof claim 72 wherein the compound and/or the activator are present on asupport and the support comprises one or more of silica, alumina,silica-alumina, magnesia, titania, zirconia, magnesium chloride,montmorillonite, phyllosilicate, zeolites, talc, clays, silica-chromium,silica-titania, porous acrylic polymers, nanocomposites, aerogels,spherulites, or polymeric beads.
 75. The catalyst system of claim 73wherein wherein the compound and/or the activator are present on asupport and the support comprises one or more of silica, alumina,silica-alumina, magnesia, titania, zirconia, magnesium chloride,montmorillonite, phyllosilicate, zeolites, talc, clays, silica-chromium,silica-titania, porous acrylic polymers, nanocomposites, aerogels,spherulites, or polymeric beads.
 76. The catalyst system of claim 73wherein the activator is bound to the support prior to combination withthe transition metal catalyst compound.
 77. The catalyst system of claim75 where the activator is bound to the support prior to combination withthe transition metal catalyst compound.
 78. A process to polymerize anunsaturated monomer comprising contacting the monomer with the catalystsystem of claim
 60. 79. A process to polymerize an unsaturated monomercomprising contacting the monomer with the catalyst system of claim 71.80. A process to polymerize an unsaturated monomer comprising contactingthe monomer with the catalyst system of claim
 72. 81. A process topolymerize an unsaturated monomer comprising contacting the monomer withthe catalyst system of claim
 73. 82. A process to polymerize anunsaturated monomer comprising contacting the monomer with the catalystsystem of claim
 74. 83. A process to polymerize an unsaturated monomercomprising contacting the monomer with the catalyst system of claim 75.84. A process to polymerize an unsaturated monomer comprising contactingthe monomer with the catalyst system of claim
 76. 85. The process ofclaim 78 wherein the monomer comprises one or more alpha-olefins. 86.The process of claim 78 wherein the monomer comprises one or more ofethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene,decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof.
 87. The process of claim 79wherein the monomer comprises one or more of ethylene, propylene,butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene orthe isomers thereof.
 88. The process of claim 80 wherein the monomercomprises one or more of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene,heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof. 89.The process of claim 81 wherein the monomer comprises one or more ofethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene,decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof.
 90. The process of claim 82wherein the monomer comprises one or more of ethylene, propylene,butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene orthe isomers thereof.
 91. The process of claim 83 wherein the monomercomprises one or more of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene,heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof. 92.The process of claim 84 wherein the monomer comprises one or more ofethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene,decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof.
 93. The process of claim 78wherein the monomer comprises one or more dienes.
 94. The process ofclaim 85 wherein the monomer comprises one or more dienes.
 95. A processto oligomerize an unsaturated monomer comprising contacting the monomerwith the catalyst system of claim
 60. 96. A transition metal catalystcompound represented by the formula:

wherein each M is, independently, a group 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11 transitionmetal; N is nitrogen; C is carbon; each X is, independently, an anionicmonodentate ligand, or both X groups together may form a bidentatedianionic ligand; each R′ is, independently, a hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl,a substituted hydrocarbyl, a halocarbyl, or a substituted halocarbyl;independently, two R′ groups on the same carbon may join to form acyclic or polycyclic ring structure; when x is 2, 3, or 4, and or when yis 2, 3, or 4, two or more R′ groups on adjacent carbon atoms may jointo form a cyclic or polycyclic ring structure; each x is, independently,1, 2, 3 or 4; each y is, independently, 1, 2, 3 or 4; each R¹ and R³ is,independently, a hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or halocarbyl; each R² and R⁴ is,independently, a C₃ to C₅₀ hydrocarbyl or a C₃ to C₅₀ halocarbyl; andeach R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, or R⁹ is, independently, a hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl, asubstituted a hydrocarbyl, a halocarbyl, or a substituted halocarbyl, orindependently, two adjacent R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, or R⁹ may join together to forma cyclic or polycyclic ring structure.
 97. The compound of claim 96wherein M comprises a group 7, 8, 9, or 10 transition metal.
 98. Thecompound of claim 96 wherein M comprises one or more of nickel, cobalt,iron or manganese.
 99. The compound of claim 96 wherein X is a hydride,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substitutedhalocarbyl, or two X groups together are a hydrocarbdiyl, halocarbdiyl,substituted hydrocarbdiyl, or substituted halocarbdiyl.
 100. Thecompound of claim 96 wherein is selected from the group consisting ofchloride, bromide, iodide, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl,heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl,pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl,heneicosyl, docosyl, tricosyl, tetracosyl, pentacosyl, hexacosyl,heptacosyl, octacosyl, nonacosyl, triacontyl, hydride, phenyl, benzyl,phenethyl, tolyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, dimethylamido,diethylamido, methylethylamido, phenoxy, benzoxy, and allyl.
 101. Thecompound of claim 96 wherein two X groups are joined and are selectedfrom the group consisting of methylidene, ethylidene, propylidene,tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, butadiene,methylbutadiene, dimethylbutadiene, pentadiene, methylpentadiene,dimethylpentadiene, hexadiene, methylhexadiene, and dimethylhexadiene.102. The compound of claim 96 wherein R⁶ is selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, C₁ to C₃₋₀ hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ substitutedhydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyls and C₁ to C₃₀ substitutedhalocarbyls.
 103. The compound of claim 96 wherein R¹ or R³,independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁ toC₃₀ hydrocarbyls, and C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyls, and wherein R² or R⁴,independently, are selected from the group consisting of C₃ to C₅₀hydrocarbyls, and C₃ to C₅₀ halocarbyls.
 104. The compound of claim 96wherein R⁷, R⁸ and R⁹, if present, are, independently, selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, C₁ to C₃₀ hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀substituted hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyls, and C₁ to C₃₀substituted halocarbyls.
 105. The compound of claim 96 wherein R′, ifpresent, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁ to C₃₀hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ substituted hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyls,and C₁ to C₃₀ substituted halocarbyls.
 106. A catalyst system comprisingthe compound of claim 96 and an activator.
 107. The catalyst system ofclaim 106 wherein the activator comprises an alumoxane.
 108. Thecatalyst system of claim 106 wherein the activator comprises an alkylaluminum compound.
 109. The catalyst system of claim 106 wherein theactivator comprises an ionizing or stoichiometric activator.
 110. Thecatalyst system of claim 106 wherein the activator comprises of or moreof: trimethylammonium tetraphenylborate, triethylammoniumtetraphenylborate, tripropylammonium tetraphenylborate,tri(n-butyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetraphenylborate, N,N-dimethylanilinium tetraphenylborate,N,N-diethylanilinium tetraphenylborate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium) tetraphenylborate, tropilliumtetraphenylborate, triphenylcarbenium tetraphenylborate,triphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate triethylsilyliumtetraphenylborate, benzene(diazonium) tetraphenylborate,di(isopropyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetraphenylborate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(sec-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluoro-phenyl)borate, dimethyl(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, andtri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate.
 111. The catalyst systemof claim 106 wherein the transition metal catalyst compound is presenton a support.
 112. The catalyst system of claim 106 wherein thetransition metal catalyst compound and the activator are present on asupport.
 113. The catalyst system of claim 106 wherein the supportcomprises one or more Group 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 or 14 metal oxides.
 114. Thecatalyst system of claim 106 wherein the support comprises one or moreof silica, alumina, silica-alumina, magnesia, titania, zirconia,magnesium chloride, montmorillonite, phyllosilicate, zeolites, talc,clays, silica-chromium, silica-titania, porous acrylic polymers,nanocomposites, aerogels, spherulites, or polymeric beads.
 115. Thecatalyst system of claim 106 wherein the support is silica.
 116. Thecatalyst system of claim 106 wherein the activator is bound to thesupport prior to combination with the transition metal catalystcompound.
 117. The catalyst system of claim 96 wherein M comprises oneor more of nickel, cobalt, iron or manganese, and X is selected from thegroup consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, methyl, ethyl, propyl,butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl,tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl,nonadecyl, eicosyl, heneicosyl, docosyl, tricosyl, tetracosyl,pentacosyl, hexacosyl, heptacosyl, octacosyl, nonacosyl, triacontyl,hydride, phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, tolyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy,butoxy, dimethylamido, diethylamido, methylethylamido, phenoxy, benzoxy,and allyl and R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁to C₃₀ hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ substituted hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀halocarbyls and C₁ to C₃₀ substituted halocarbyls and R¹ and R³,independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁ toC₃₀ hydrocarbyls, and C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyls, and wherein R² and R⁴,independently, are selected from the group consisting of C₃ to C₅₀hydrocarbyls, and C₃ to C₅₀ halocarbyls and R⁷, R⁸ and R⁹, if present,are, independently, selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁to C₃₀ hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ substituted hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀halocarbyls, and C₁ to C₃₀ substituted halocarbyls and R′ is selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁ to C₃₀ hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀substituted hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyls, and C₁ to C₃₀substituted halocarbyls.
 118. The catalyst system of claim 117 whereinthe activator comprises an alumoxane.
 119. The catalyst system of claim117 wherein the activator comprises on or more of: trimethylammoniumtetraphenylborate, triethylammonium tetraphenylborate, tripropylammoniumtetraphenylborate, tri(n-butyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate,tri(t-butyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetraphenylborate, N,N-diethylanilinium tetraphenylborate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium) tetraphenylborate, tropilliumtetraphenylborate, triphenylcarbenium tetraphenylborate,triphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate triethylsilyliumtetraphenylborate, benzene(diazonium) tetraphenylborate,di(isopropyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetraphenylborate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(sec-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluoro-phenyl)borate, dimethyl(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, andtri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate.
 120. The catalyst systemof claim 118 wherein the compound and/or activator are present on asupport and the support comprises one or more of silica, alumina,silica-alumina, magnesia, titania, zirconia, magnesium chloride,montmorillonite, phyllosilicate, zeolites, talc, clays, silica-chromium,silica-titania, porous acrylic polymers, nanocomposites, aerogels,spherulites, or polymeric beads.
 121. The catalyst system of claim 119wherein the compound and/or activator are present on a support and thesupport comprises one or more of silica, alumina, silica-alumina,magnesia, titania, zirconia, magnesium chloride, montmorillonite,phyllosilicate, zeolites, talc, clays, silica-chromium, silica-titania,porous acrylic polymers, nanocomposites, aerogels, spherulites, orpolymeric beads.
 122. The catalyst system of claim 121 wherein theactivator is bound to the support prior to combination with thetransition metal catalyst compound.
 123. A process to polymerize anunsaturated monomer comprising contacting the monomer with claim 106.124. A process to polymerize an unsaturated monomer comprisingcontacting the monomer with claim
 117. 125. A process to polymerize anunsaturated monomer comprising contacting the monomer with claim 118.126. A process to polymerize an unsaturated monomer comprisingcontacting the monomer with claim
 119. 127. A process to polymerize anunsaturated monomer comprising contacting the monomer with claim 120.128. A process to polymerize an unsaturated monomer comprisingcontacting the monomer with claim
 121. 129. A process to polymerize anunsaturated monomer comprising contacting the monomer with claim 122.130. The process of claim 123 wherein the monomer comprises one or morealpha-olefins.
 131. The process of claim 123 wherein the monomercomprises one or more of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene,heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof. 132.The process of claim 124 wherein the monomer comprises one or more ofethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene,decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof.
 133. The process of claim 125wherein the monomer comprises one or more of ethylene, propylene,butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene orthe isomers thereof.
 134. The process of claim 126 wherein the monomercomprises one or more of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene,heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof. 135.The process of claim 127 wherein the monomer comprises one or more ofethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene,decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof.
 136. The process of claim 128wherein the monomer comprises one or more of ethylene, propylene,butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene orthe isomers thereof.
 137. The process of claim 129 wherein the monomercomprises one or more of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene,heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof. 138.The process of claim 123 wherein the monomer comprises one or moredienes.
 139. The process of claim 106 wherein the monomer comprises oneor more dienes.
 140. A process to oligomerize an unsaturated monomercomprising contacting the monomer with the catalyst system of claim 106.141. A transition metal catalyst compound represented by the formula:

wherein each M is, independently, a group 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11 transitionmetal; N is nitrogen; each X is, independently, an anionic monodentateligand, or both X groups together may form a bidentate dianionic ligand;R¹ and R³ is, independently, a hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or halocarbyl; R²and R⁴ is, independently, a C₃ to C₅₀ hydrocarbyl or a C₃ to C₅₀halocarbyl; R⁵ is, independently, hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl, a substitutedhydrocarbyl, a halocarbyl, or a substituted halocarbyl; optionally R⁵may be bonded to M through the heteroatom of a substituted hydrocarbyl,or a substituted halocarbyl; L′ is a neutral ligand bonded to M; and wis 0 or 1; R⁶ is a hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl, a substituted a hydrocarbyl,a halocarbyl, or a substituted halocarbyl.
 142. The compound of claim141 wherein M comprises a group 7, 8, 9, or 10 transition metal. 143.The compound of claim 141 wherein M comprises a group 7, 8, 9, or 10transition metal.
 144. The compound of claim 141 wherein M comprises oneor more of nickel, cobalt, iron or manganese.
 145. The compound of claim141 wherein X is a hydride, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,halocarbyl, substituted halocarbyl, or two X groups together are ahydrocarbdiyl, halocarbdiyl, substituted hydrocarbdiyl, or substitutedhalocarbdiyl.
 146. The compound of claim 141 wherein X is selected fromthe group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, methyl, ethyl,propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl,dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl,octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, heneicosyl, docosyl, tricosyl,tetracosyl, pentacosyl, hexacosyl, heptacosyl, octacosyl, nonacosyl,triacontyl, hydride, phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, tolyl, methoxy, ethoxy,propoxy, butoxy, dimethylamido, diethylamido, methylethylamido, phenoxy,benzoxy, and allyl.
 147. The compound of claim 141 wherein two X groupsare joined and are selected from the group consisting of methylidene,ethylidene, propylidene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene,butadiene, methylbutadiene, dimethylbutadiene, pentadiene,methylpentadiene, dimethylpentadiene, hexadiene, methylhexadiene, anddimethylhexadiene.
 148. The compound of claim 141 wherein R⁶ is selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁ to C₃₀ hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀substituted hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyls and C₁ to C₃₀substituted halocarbyls.
 149. The compound of claim 141 wherein R¹ andR³, independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,C₁ to C₃₀ hydrocarbyls, and C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyls, and wherein R² andR⁴, independently, are selected from the group consisting of C₃ to C₅₀hydrocarbyls, and C₃ to C₅₀ halocarbyls.
 150. The compound of claim 141wherein R⁷, R⁸ and R⁹, if present, are, independently, selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, C₁ to C₃₀ hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀substituted hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyls, and C₁ to C₃₀substituted halocarbyls.
 151. The compound of claim 141 wherein R′, ifpresent, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁ to C₃₀hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ substituted hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyls,and C₁ to C₃₀ substituted halocarbyls.
 152. A catalyst system comprisingthe compound of claim 141 and an activator.
 153. The catalyst system ofclaim 152 wherein the activator comprises an alumoxane.
 154. Thecatalyst system of claim 152 wherein the activator comprises an alkylaluminum compound.
 155. The catalyst system of claim 152 wherein theactivator comprises an ionizing or stoichiometric activator.
 156. Thecatalyst system of claim 152 wherein the activator comprises of or moreof: trimethylammonium tetraphenylborate, triethylammoniumtetraphenylborate, tripropylammonium tetraphenylborate,tri(n-butyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetraphenylborate, N,N-dimethylanilinium tetraphenylborate,N,N-diethylanilinium tetraphenylborate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium) tetraphenylborate, tropilliumtetraphenylborate, triphenylcarbenium tetraphenylborate,triphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate triethylsilyliumtetraphenylborate, benzene(diazonium) tetraphenylborate,di(isopropyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetraphenylborate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(sec-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluoro-phenyl)borate, dimethyl(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, andtri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate.
 157. The catalyst systemof claim 152 wherein the transition metal catalyst compound is presenton a support.
 158. The catalyst system of claim 152 wherein thetransition metal catalyst compound and the activator are present on asupport.
 159. The catalyst system of claim 152 wherein the supportcomprises one or more Group 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 or 14 metal oxides.
 160. Thecatalyst system of claim 152 wherein the support comprises one or moreof silica, alumina, silica-alumina, magnesia, titania, zirconia,magnesium chloride, montmorillonite, phyllosilicate, zeolites, talc,clays, silica-chromium, silica-titania, porous acrylic polymers,nanocomposites, aerogels, spherulites, or polymeric beads.
 161. Thecatalyst system of claim 152 wherein the support is silica.
 162. Thecatalyst system of claim 152 wherein the activator is bound to thesupport prior to combination with the transition metal catalystcompound.
 163. The catalyst system of claim 152 wherein M comprises oneor more of nickel, cobalt, iron or manganese, and X is selected from thegroup consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, methyl, ethyl, propyl,butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl,tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl,nonadecyl, eicosyl, heneicosyl, docosyl, tricosyl, tetracosyl,pentacosyl, hexacosyl, heptacosyl, octacosyl, nonacosyl, triacontyl,hydride, phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, tolyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy,butoxy, dimethylamido, diethylamido, methylethylamido, phenoxy, benzoxy,and allyl and R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁to C₃₀ hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ substituted hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀halocarbyls and C₁ to C₃₀ substituted halocarbyls and R¹ and R³,independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁ toC₃₀ hydrocarbyls, and C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyls, and wherein R² and R⁴,independently, are selected from the group consisting of C₃ to C₅₀hydrocarbyls, and C₃ to C₅₀ halocarbyls, and R⁵ is selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, C₁ to C₃₀ hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀substituted hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ halocarbyls and C₁ to C₃₀substituted halocarbyls, and R′ is selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, C₁ to C₃₀ hydrocarbyls, C₁ to C₃₀ substituted hydrocarbyls, C₁to C₃₀ halocarbyls, and C₁ to C₃₀ substituted halocarbyls.
 164. Thecatalyst system of claim 163 wherein the activator comprises analumoxane.
 165. The catalyst system of claim 163 wherein the activatorcomprises one or more of the following: trimethylammoniumtetraphenylborate, triethylammonium tetraphenylborate, tripropylammoniumtetraphenylborate, tri(n-butyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate,tri(t-butyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetraphenylborate, N,N-diethylanilinium tetraphenylborate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium) tetraphenylborate, tropilliumtetraphenylborate, triphenylcarbenium tetraphenylborate,triphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate triethylsilyliumtetraphenylborate, benzene(diazonium) tetraphenylborate,di(isopropyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetraphenylborate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(sec-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluoro-phenyl)borate, dimethyl(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, andtri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate.
 166. The catalyst systemof claim 164 wherein the compound and/or activator are present on asupport and the support comprises one or more of silica, alumina,silica-alumina, magnesia, titania, zirconia, magnesium chloride,montmorillonite, phyllosilicate, zeolites, talc, clays, silica-chromium,silica-titania, porous acrylic polymers, nanocomposites, aerogels,spherulites, or polymeric beads.
 167. The catalyst system of claim 165wherein the compound and/or activator are present on a support and thesupport comprises one or more of silica, alumina, silica-alumina,magnesia, titania, zirconia, magnesium chloride, montmorillonite,phyllosilicate, zeolites, talc, clays, silica-chromium, silica-titania,porous acrylic polymers, nanocomposites, aerogels, spherulites, orpolymeric beads.
 168. The catalyst system of claim 167 wherein theactivator is bound to the support prior to combination with thetransition metal catalyst compound.
 169. A process to polymerize anunsaturated monomer comprising contacting the monomer with the catalystsystem of claim
 152. 170. A process to polymerize an unsaturated monomercomprising contacting the monomer with the catalyst system of claim 163.171. A process to polymerize an unsaturated monomer comprisingcontacting the monomer with the catalyst system of claim
 164. 172. Aprocess to polymerize an unsaturated monomer comprising contacting themonomer with the catalyst system of claim
 165. 173. A process topolymerize an unsaturated monomer comprising contacting the monomer withthe catalyst system of claim
 166. 174. A process to polymerize anunsaturated monomer comprising contacting the monomer with the catalystsystem of claim
 167. 175. A process to polymerize an unsaturated monomercomprising contacting the monomer with the catalyst system of claim 168.176. The process of claim 169 wherein the monomer comprises one or morealpha-olefins.
 177. The process of claim 169 wherein the monomercomprises one or more of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene,heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof. 178.The process of claim 170 wherein the monomer comprises one or more ofethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene,decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof.
 179. The process of claim 171wherein the monomer comprises one or more of ethylene, propylene,butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene orthe isomers thereof.
 180. The process of claim 172 wherein the monomercomprises one or more of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene,heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof. 181.The process of claim 173 wherein the monomer comprises one or more ofethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene,decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof.
 182. The process of claim 174wherein the monomer comprises one or more of ethylene, propylene,butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene orthe isomers thereof.
 183. The process of claim 175 wherein the monomercomprises one or more of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene,heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof. 184.The process of claim 152 wherein the monomer further comprises one ormore dienes.
 185. The process of claim 165 wherein the monomer furthercomprises one or more dienes.
 186. A process to oligomerize anunsaturated monomer comprising contacting the monomer with the catalystsystem of claim
 152. 187. A transition metal catalyst compound selectedfrom the group consisting of[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride, [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,-[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdichloride, [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride, [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride, [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride, [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdichloride, [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide, [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide, [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide, [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdibromide, [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dibromide,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide, [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdibromide, [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide, [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide, [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide, [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdibromide, [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dimethyl,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dimethyl,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dimethyl,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dimethyl,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl, [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt dimethyl,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobalt dimethyl,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobalt dimethyl,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobalt dimethyl,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl, [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]cobaltdimethyl, [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl, [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]cobaltdimethyl, [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]irondichloride, [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]iron dichloride,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]iron dichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]iron dichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]iron dichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride, [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]irondichloride, [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride, [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]irondichloride, [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride, [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride, [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride, [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]manganesedichloride, [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride, [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride, [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]manganesedichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-triethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]manganesedichloride, [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride, [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride, [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride, [bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride, [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]nickeldichloride, [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride, [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride, [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride, [bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]nickeldichloride,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride,[bis(N-2,6-diethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]nickeldichloride, [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride, [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride, [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)amine]copperdichloride, [bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride, [bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride, [bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)methylamine]copperdichloride,[bis(N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride,[bis(N-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride, and[bis(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-2-aminoethyl)(2-picolyl)amine]copperdichloride.
 188. A catalyst system comprising the compound of claim 187and an activator.
 189. The catalyst system of claim 188 wherein theactivator comprises an alumoxane.
 190. The catalyst system of claim 188wherein the activator comprises an alkyl aluminum compound.
 191. Thecatalyst system of claim 188 wherein the activator comprises an ionizingor stoichiometric activator.
 192. The catalyst system of claim 188wherein the activator comprises one or more of: trimethylammoniumtetraphenylborate, triethylammonium tetraphenylborate, tripropylammoniumtetraphenylborate, tri(n-butyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate,tri(t-butyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetraphenylborate, N,N-diethylanilinium tetraphenylborate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium) tetraphenylborate, tropilliumtetraphenylborate, triphenylcarbenium tetraphenylborate,triphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate triethylsilyliumtetraphenylborate, benzene(diazonium) tetraphenylborate,di(isopropyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetraphenylborate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphonium tetraphenylborate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(sec-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluoro-phenyl)borate, dimethyl(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate,tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluoronaphthyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(pentafluorobiphenyl)borate, trimethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tripropylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tri(t-butyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate,N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, tropilliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triphenylphosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, triethylsilyliumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, benzene(diazonium)tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, di(isopropyl)ammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, dicyclohexylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate; tri(o-tolyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, andtri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate.
 193. The catalyst systemof claim 188 wherein the compound and/or the activator is present on asupport.
 194. The catalyst system of claim 192 wherein the compoundand/or the activator is present on a support.
 195. The catalyst systemof claim 194 wherein the support comprises one or more Group 2, 3, 4, 5,13 or 14 metal oxides.
 196. The catalyst system of claim 194 the supportcomprises one or more of silica, alumina, silica-alumina, magnesia,titania, zirconia, magnesium chloride, montmorillonite, phyllosilicate,zeolites, talc, clays, silica-chromium, silica-titania, porous acrylicpolymers, nanocomposites, aerogels, spherulites, or polymeric beads.197. The catalyst system of claim 194 the support is silica.
 198. Thecatalyst system of claim 194 the activator is bound to the support priorto combination with the transition metal catalyst compound.
 199. Thecatalyst system of claim 193 the activator comprises an alkyl aluminumcompound and the support comprises one or more of silica, alumina,silica-alumina, magnesia, titania, zirconia, magnesium chloride,montmorillonite, phyllosilicate, zeolites, talc, clays, silica-chromium,silica-titania, porous acrylic polymers, nanocomposites, aerogels,spherulites, or polymeric beads.
 200. A process to polymerize anunsaturated monomer comprising contacting the monomer with the catalystsystem of claim
 188. 201. The process of claim 200 wherein the monomercomprises one or more alpha-olefins.
 202. The process of claim 200wherein the monomer comprises one or more C₂ to C₄₀ alpha-olefins. 203.The process of claim 200 wherein the monomer comprises one or more ofethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene,decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof.
 204. The process of claim 200wherein the monomer further comprises one or more dienes.
 205. Theprocess of claim 189 wherein the monomer comprises one or more ofethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene,decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof.
 206. The process of claim 192wherein the monomer comprises one or more of ethylene, propylene,butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene orthe isomers thereof.
 207. The process of claim 205 wherein the monomerfurther comprises one or more dienes.
 208. The process of claim 206wherein the monomer further comprises one or more dienes.
 209. Theprocess of claim 193 wherein the monomer comprises one or more ofethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene,decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof.
 210. The process of claim 194wherein the monomer comprises one or more of ethylene, propylene,butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene orthe isomers thereof.
 211. The process of claim 199 wherein the monomercomprises one or more of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene,heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene or the isomers thereof.